12. Integer to Roman

题目：Integer to Roman

Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

【罗马数字】

1~9: {"I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX"};

10~90: {"X", "XX", "XXX", "XL", "L", "LX", "LXX", "LXXX", "XC"};

100~900: {"C", "CC", "CCC", "CD", "D", "DC", "DCC", "DCCC", "CM"};

1000~3000: {"M", "MM", "MMM"}.

代码：

char* intToRoman(int num) {
    int i=0;
    //申明“”1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 （10个）
    //“”，10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 （10个）
    //“”，100，200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900（10个）
    //“”，1000,2000,3000（4个）
    //这些数字对应的罗马字符
    
    char string[34][5]={
        "","I","II","III","IV","V","VI","VII","VIII","IX",
        "","X","XX","XXX","XL","L","LX","LXX","LXXX","XC",
        "","C","CC","CCC","CD","D","DC","DCC","DCCC","CM",
        "","M","MM","MMM"
    };
    
    //3999的表示为“MMMCMXCIX”
    char* ret=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*10); //用char ret[10]=""是不行
    for(i=0;i<10;i++) //初始化很重要
    {
        ret[i]='\0';
    }
    
    int digit=0;
    while(num!=0)
    {
        //分别得到个十百千位的数
        int tmp=num%10;
        //保存ret中的值。
        char* t=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*10);
        
        strcpy(t,ret);
        strcpy(ret,string[digit*10+tmp]);
        strcat(ret,t);
        
        digit++;
        num=num/10;
    }
    
    return ret;
}