嵌入式C语言访问DB2数据库示例

说明,本文主要通过例子看看嵌入式C语言如何访问DB2数据库

环境:DB2 10.5.0.8/LINUX

1. 创建测试数据

$ db2 "create db test"
$ db2 "connect to testdb"
$ db2 "create table inst105.sailor(sname char(16), sid SMALLINT, rating SMALLINT, age SMALLINT)"
$ db2 "insert into inst105.sailor values ('yuppy',  22, 1, 20)"
$ db2 "insert into inst105.sailor values ('lubber', 31, 1, 25)"
$ db2 "insert into inst105.sailor values ('guppy',  44, 2, 31)"
$ db2 "insert into inst105.sailor values ('rusty',  58, 3, 47)"

2. Pre-compile.

假设db2cprog目录下有一个文件sage.sqc内容如下

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE of an embedded SQL C Program for DB2.

Connect to database test for this.

This APP takes one argument on the command line, a sailor's SID.  It
then finds the sailor SID's age out of the table INST105.SAILOR (in
database test) and reports it.  A dumb and not very interesting
APP, but it shows how things are done.

P. Godfrey NOV 2002
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sqlenv.h>
#include <sqlcodes.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#define EXIT   0
#define NOEXIT 1

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Include DB2's SQL error reporting facility.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA ;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Declare the SQL interface variables.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION ;
    short  sage;
    short  sid;
    char   sname[16];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION ;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Declare variables to be used in the following C program.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

char msg[1025];
int rc;
int errcount;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints the message in the SQLCA if the return code is 0
and the SQLCODE is not 0.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define PRINT_MESSAGE()                                              \
  {                                                                  \
      if (rc == 0 && sqlca.sqlcode != 0)                             \
      {                                                              \
        sqlaintp(msg, 1024, 0, &sqlca);                              \
        printf("%s\n",msg);                                          \
      }                                                              \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints out all feilds in the SQLCA.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define DUMP_SQLCA()                                                 \
  {                                                                  \
    printf("**********  DUMP OF SQLCA  **********************\n");   \
    printf("SQLCAID: %s\n", sqlca.sqlcaid);                          \
    printf("SQLCABC: %d\n", sqlca.sqlcabc);                          \
    printf("SQLCODE: %d\n", sqlca.sqlcode);                          \
    printf("SQLERRML: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrml);                        \
    printf("SQLERRD[0]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[0]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[1]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[1]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[2]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[2]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[3]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[3]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[4]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[4]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[5]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[5]);                    \
    printf("SQLWARN: %s\n", sqlca.sqlwarn);                          \
    printf("SQLSTATE: %s\n", sqlca.sqlstate);                        \
    printf("**********  END OF SQLCA DUMP  *******************\n");  \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints the message in the SQLCA if one exists.  If the
return code is not 0 or the SQLCODE is not expected, an error occurred
and must be recorded.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define CHECK_SQL(code,text_string,eExit)                            \
  {                                                                  \
    PRINT_MESSAGE();                                                 \
    if (rc != 0 || sqlca.sqlcode != code) {                          \
      printf("%s\n",text_string);                                    \
      printf("Expected code = %d\n",code);                           \
      if (rc == 0) {                                                 \
          DUMP_SQLCA();                                              \
      }                                                              \
      else printf("RC: %d\n",rc);                                    \
      errcount += 1;                                                 \
      if (eExit == EXIT) goto errorexit;                             \
    }                                                                \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
The PROGRAM.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /* Grab the first command argument.  This is the SID. */
    if (argc > 1) {
        sid = atoi(argv[1]);
        printf("SID requested is %d.\n", sid);
    /* If there is no arguement, bail. */
    } else {
        printf("Which SID?\n");
        exit(0);
    }

    EXEC SQL CONNECT TO TEST;
    CHECK_SQL(0, "Connect failed", EXIT);

    /* Find the name and age of sailor SID. */
    EXEC SQL SELECT SNAME, AGE into :sname, :sage
        FROM INST105.SAILOR
        WHERE sid = :sid;

    CHECK_SQL(0, "The SELECT query failed.", EXIT);

    /* Report the age. */
    printf("Sailor %s's age is %d.\n", sname, sage);

    printf("Executed Successfuly\n") ;
    printf("Bye\n") ;

errorexit:
    EXEC SQL CONNECT RESET;
}

inst105@node01:~$ cd db2cprog/
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ls 
sage.sqc
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ db2 precompile sage.sqc bindfile

LINE    MESSAGES FOR sage.sqc
------  --------------------------------------------------------------------
        SQL0060W  The "C" precompiler is in progress.
        SQL0091W  Precompilation or binding was ended with "0" 
                  errors and "0" warnings.
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ls
sage.bnd  sage.c  sage.sqc

3. Binding

inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ db2 bind sage.bnd 

LINE    MESSAGES FOR sage.bnd
------  ----------------------------------------------         ----------------------
        SQL0061W  The binder is in progress.
        SQL0091N  Binding was ended with "0" errors and "0" warnings.

4. Compile

inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ gcc -I $DB2_HOME/include -c sage.c
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ls 
sage.bnd  sage.c  sage.o  sage.sqc

5. link

inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ gcc -o sage.exe sage.o -L $DB2LIB -l db2
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ls
sage.bnd  sage.c  sage.exe  sage.o  sage.sqc

6. 查看程序运行结果

inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ./sage.exe 44
SID requested is 44.
Sailor guppy           's age is 31.
Executed Successfuly
Bye
inst105@node01:~/db2cprog$ ./sage.exe 22
SID requested is 22.
Sailor yuppy           's age is 20.
Executed Successfuly
Bye
 

附上一个通过游标循环访问表中所有记录的程序

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE of an embedded SQL C Program for DB2.

Connect to database c3421m for this.

This APP fetches and prints each of the tuples from INST105.SAILOR (in
database c3421m).

P. Godfrey NOV 2002
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sqlenv.h>
#include <sqlcodes.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#define EXIT   0
#define NOEXIT 1

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Include DB2's SQL error reporting facility.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA ;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Declare the SQL interface variables.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION ;
    short  sid;
    short  sage;
    short  rating;
    char   sname[16];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION ;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
Declare variables to be used in the following C program.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

char msg[1025];
int rc;
int errcount;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints the message in the SQLCA if the return code is 0
and the SQLCODE is not 0.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define PRINT_MESSAGE()                                              \
  {                                                                  \
      if (rc == 0 && sqlca.sqlcode != 0)                             \
      {                                                              \
        sqlaintp(msg, 1024, 0, &sqlca);                              \
        printf("%s\n",msg);                                          \
      }                                                              \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints out all feilds in the SQLCA.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define DUMP_SQLCA()                                                 \
  {                                                                  \
    printf("**********  DUMP OF SQLCA  **********************\n");   \
    printf("SQLCAID: %s\n", sqlca.sqlcaid);                          \
    printf("SQLCABC: %d\n", sqlca.sqlcabc);                          \
    printf("SQLCODE: %d\n", sqlca.sqlcode);                          \
    printf("SQLERRML: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrml);                        \
    printf("SQLERRMC: %s\n", sqlca.sqlerrmc);                        \
    printf("SQLERRP: %s\n", sqlca.sqlerrp);                          \
    printf("SQLERRD[0]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[0]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[1]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[1]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[2]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[2]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[3]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[3]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[4]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[4]);                    \
    printf("SQLERRD[5]: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[5]);                    \
    printf("SQLWARN: %s\n", sqlca.sqlwarn);                          \
    printf("SQLSTATE: %s\n", sqlca.sqlstate);                        \
    printf("**********  END OF SQLCA DUMP  *******************\n");  \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
This macro prints the message in the SQLCA if one exists.  If the
return code is not 0 or the SQLCODE is not expected, an error occurred
and must be recorded.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define CHECK_SQL(code,text_string,eExit)                            \
  {                                                                  \
    PRINT_MESSAGE();                                                 \
    if (rc != 0 || sqlca.sqlcode != code) {                          \
      printf("%s\n",text_string);                                    \
      printf("Expected code = %d\n",code);                           \
      if (rc == 0) {                                                 \
          DUMP_SQLCA();                                              \
      }                                                              \
      else printf("RC: %d\n",rc);                                    \
      errcount += 1;                                                 \
      if (eExit == EXIT) goto errorexit;                             \
    }                                                                \
  }

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
The PROGRAM.
--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
    EXEC SQL CONNECT TO TEST;
    CHECK_SQL(0, "Connect failed", EXIT);

    /* Find the name and age of sailor SID. */
    EXEC SQL DECLARE sailorC CURSOR FOR
        SELECT SID, SNAME, AGE RATING
            FROM INST105.SAILOR;

    CHECK_SQL(0, "The SELECT query failed.", EXIT);

    EXEC SQL OPEN sailorC;

    printf("sid sname           age rating\n");
    while (1) {
        EXEC SQL FETCH sailorC INTO :sid, :sname, :sage, :rating;
        if (SQLCODE != 0) break;

        printf("%3d %-15s %3d    %3d\n", sid, sname, sage, rating);
    }

    EXEC SQL CLOSE sailorC;

errorexit:
    EXEC SQL CONNECT RESET;
}

参考资料:

https://www.eecs.yorku.ca/course_archive/2015-16/F/3421/db2notes/embed-c.html

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