java反射

												java反射

1.什么是java反射
   在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有方法和属性；对于任何一个对象，都能调用它的任意方法和属性；这种动态获取信息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
2.java反射的三种方式
 public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //方式1
        Student student = new Student();
        Class clazz = student.getClass();
        //方式2
        Class clazz1 = Student.class;
        //方式3
        try{
            Class clazz2 = Class.forName("com.test.reflect.Student");
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}  
3.构造函数的反射
@Data
public class Student {

    private int stuNo;
    private String stuName;

    public Student(){
        System.out.println("调用公有无参构造函数");
    }

    public Student(int stuNo){
        System.out.println("调用公有的带有一个参数的构造函数");
        this.stuNo = stuNo;
    }

    private Student(int stuNo, String stuName){
        System.out.println("调用私有的带有两个参数的构造函数");
        this.stuNo = stuNo;
        this.stuName = stuName;
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        System.out.println("获取所有的公有构造函数");
        Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
        for(Constructor constructor : constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        System.out.println("获取所有的包括公有私有默认受保护的构造函数");
        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for(Constructor constructor : declaredConstructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        System.out.println("获取公有、无参的构造方法");
        Constructor c1 = clazz.getConstructor(null);//传递参数类型
        System.out.println("==========>c1=" + c1);
        Object object1 = c1.newInstance();

        System.out.println("获取带有一个参数的构造方法");
        Constructor c2 = clazz.getConstructor(int.class);
        System.out.println("==========>c2=" + c2);
        //调用构造函数
        Object object2 = c2.newInstance(123);

        System.out.println("获取带有两个参数的私有构造方法");
        Constructor c3 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class, String.class);//注意：int不是Integer
        System.out.println("==========>c3=" + c3);
        //调用构造函数
        c3.setAccessible(true);//私有方法暴力访问
        Object object3 = c3.newInstance(123, "xiaoming");
    }
}
4.属性的反射
@Data
public class Student {
    private int stuNo;
    private String stuName;
    public String address;
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        System.out.println("获取所有的变量");
        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        for(Field field : fields){
            System.out.println("field:" + field);
        }
        System.out.println("获取所有的公有的变量");
        Field[] fields1 = clazz.getFields();
        for(Field field : fields1){
            System.out.println("field:" + field);
        }
        
        System.out.println("获取某一个public变量");
        Field field = clazz.getField("address");
        System.out.println("field:" + field);
        System.out.println("通过反射修改变量的值");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAddress("西安");
        field.set(student, "北京");
        System.out.println("student=" + student);

        System.out.println("获取某一个private变量");
        Field fieldStuNo = clazz.getDeclaredField("stuNo");
        System.out.println("fieldStuNo:" + fieldStuNo);
        System.out.println("通过反射修改私有变量的值");
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setStuNo(123);
        fieldStuNo.setAccessible(true);//私有方法暴力访问
        fieldStuNo.set(student1, 456);
        System.out.println("student1=" + student1);
    }
}
5.方法的反射
@Data
public class Student {
    private void showOne(){
        System.out.println("私有的无参方法");
    }
    public void showThree(int stuNo, String stuName){
        System.out.println("公有的有参方法stuNo=" + stuNo + ",stuName=" + stuName);
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        System.out.println("获取所有声明的方法");
        Method[] allMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        for(Method method : allMethods){
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        System.out.println("获取公有的声明方法");
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        for(Method method : methods){
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        System.out.println("调用私有的无参方法");
        Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showOne");
        Object object = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
        method.setAccessible(true);
        method.invoke(object);

        System.out.println("调用公有的有参方法");
        Method methodTwo = clazz.getMethod("showThree", int.class, String.class);
        Object objectTwo = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
        methodTwo.invoke(objectTwo, 123, "xiaoming");
    }
}
6.main方法的反射
public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("开始调用main方法");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        Method  method = clazz.getMethod("main", String[].class);
        method.invoke(null, (Object) new String[]{"1", "2"});
    }
}
7.反射方法的其他使用：
//通过反射越过泛型检查:有一个String泛型的集合，怎样能向这个集合中添加一个Integer类型的值
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        list.add("123");
        list.add("456");
        Class clazz = list.getClass();
        Method method = clazz.getMethod("add", Object.class);
        method.invoke(list, 789);
        for(Object object : list){
            System.out.println(object);
        }
    }
}
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_38259539/article/details/71799078