cdev_alloc和cdev_init 的使用

1.核心结构体定义：

struct cdev

 {

struct kobject kobj;         // 每个 cdev 都是一个 kobject

struct module *owner;      // 指向实现驱动的模块
const struct file_operations *ops;   // 操纵这个字符设备文件的方法
  struct list_head list;       // 与 cdev 对应的字符设备文件的 inode->i_devices 的链表头
  dev_t dev;                   // 起始设备编号
  unsigned int count;       // 设备范围号大小

};

2.两种定义初始化方式：静态的（在stack中生成对象）和动态的（在heap中生成对象）。

静态内存定义初始化：
struct cdev my_cdev;//变量在stack中
cdev_init(&my_cdev, &fops);
my_cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;

动态内存定义初始化：
struct cdev *ptr_my_cdev = cdev_alloc();//变量在heap中
ptr_my_cdev ->ops = &fops;
ptr_my_cdev ->owner = THIS_MODULE;

错误的定义初始化方式：

struct cdev *ptr_my_cdev = cdev_alloc();//变量在heap中

cdev_init(ptr_my_cdev , &fops);

ptr_my_cdev ->owner = THIS_MODULE;

错误原因分析：

相关函数源码如下：

struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
{
struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (p) 

{
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);//ktype_cdev_dynamic用于指示cdev对象的产生方式是heap，销毁时要释放之。
}
return p;
}

void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
{
memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);//ktype_cdev_default用于指示cdev对象的产生方式是stack，销毁时不需要释放之。
cdev->ops = fops;
}

static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
cdev_purge(p);
}


static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
cdev_purge(p);
kfree(p);//ktype_cdev_dynamic的特别之处
}


static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
.release = cdev_default_release,
};


static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
.release = cdev_dynamic_release,
};

4.另类的定义初始化方式：

struct cdev my_cdev;//变量在stack中

struct cdev *ptr_my_cdev = &my_cdev;

cdev_init(ptr_my_cdev , &fops);

ptr_my_cdev ->owner = THIS_MODULE;