使用PyTorch实现一个组合模型CNN+LSTM模型 实现交通流量预测

组合模型通常指的是将多个模型集成在一起,以提高整体性能。在交通流量预测的场景中,可以使用多个不同的神经网络或机器学习模型来处理不同的特征或任务。以下是一个简单的例子,使用PyTorch实现一个组合模型,其中包括卷积神经网络 (CNN) 和长短时记忆网络 (LSTM)。 

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim

# 定义CNN模型
class CNNModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNNModel, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=1, out_channels=64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 64 * 64, 128)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        x = self.pool(x)
        x = x.view(-1, 64 * 64 * 64)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        return x

# 定义LSTM模型
class LSTMModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, output_size):
        super(LSTMModel, self).__init__()
        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        _, (h_n, _) = self.lstm(x)
        x = self.fc(h_n[-1, :, :])
        return x

# 定义组合模型
class CombinedModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, cnn_model, lstm_model):
        super(CombinedModel, self).__init__()
        self.cnn_model = cnn_model
        self.lstm_model = lstm_model
        self.fc = nn.Linear(128 + lstm_model.hidden_size, 1)

    def forward(self, cnn_input, lstm_input):
        cnn_output = self.cnn_model(cnn_input)
        lstm_output = self.lstm_model(lstm_input)
        combined_input = torch.cat((cnn_output, lstm_output), dim=1)
        output = self.fc(combined_input)
        return output

# 设置模型参数
cnn_model = CNNModel()
lstm_model = LSTMModel(input_size=10, hidden_size=64, num_layers=2, output_size=128)
combined_model = CombinedModel(cnn_model, lstm_model)

# 定义损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.MSELoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(combined_model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# 示例数据
cnn_input = torch.randn(32, 1, 64, 64)
lstm_input = torch.randn(32, 10, 10)

# 前向传播和反向传播
output = combined_model(cnn_input, lstm_input)
target = torch.randn(32, 1)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim

# 定义CNN模型
class CNNModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNNModel, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=1, out_channels=64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 64 * 64, 128)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        x = self.pool(x)
        x = x.view(-1, 64 * 64 * 64)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        return x

# 定义LSTM模型
class LSTMModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, output_size):
        super(LSTMModel, self).__init__()
        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        _, (h_n, _) = self.lstm(x)
        x = self.fc(h_n[-1, :, :])
        return x

# 定义组合模型
class CombinedModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, cnn_model, lstm_model):
        super(CombinedModel, self).__init__()
        self.cnn_model = cnn_model
        self.lstm_model = lstm_model
        self.fc = nn.Linear(128 + lstm_model.hidden_size, 1)

    def forward(self, cnn_input, lstm_input):
        cnn_output = self.cnn_model(cnn_input)
        lstm_output = self.lstm_model(lstm_input)
        combined_input = torch.cat((cnn_output, lstm_output), dim=1)
        output = self.fc(combined_input)
        return output

# 设置模型参数
cnn_model = CNNModel()
lstm_model = LSTMModel(input_size=10, hidden_size=64, num_layers=2, output_size=128)
combined_model = CombinedModel(cnn_model, lstm_model)

# 定义损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.MSELoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(combined_model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# 示例数据
cnn_input = torch.randn(32, 1, 64, 64)
lstm_input = torch.randn(32, 10, 10)

# 前向传播和反向传播
output = combined_model(cnn_input, lstm_input)
target = torch.randn(32, 1)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

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以下是使用PyTorch构建3层1D CNN LSTM Attention网络模型的代码示例: ```python import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F class CNN_LSTM_Attention(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_dim, hidden_dim, output_dim, num_layers, dropout_prob, kernel_size, stride): super(CNN_LSTM_Attention, self).__init__() self.input_dim = input_dim self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim self.output_dim = output_dim self.num_layers = num_layers self.dropout_prob = dropout_prob self.kernel_size = kernel_size self.stride = stride self.conv_layers = nn.ModuleList() self.conv_layers.append(nn.Conv1d(in_channels=input_dim, out_channels=hidden_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride)) self.conv_layers.append(nn.Conv1d(in_channels=hidden_dim, out_channels=hidden_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride)) self.conv_layers.append(nn.Conv1d(in_channels=hidden_dim, out_channels=hidden_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride)) self.lstm = nn.LSTM(hidden_dim, hidden_size=hidden_dim, num_layers=num_layers, bidirectional=True, batch_first=True, dropout=dropout_prob) self.attention_layer = nn.Linear(hidden_dim*2, 1, bias=False) self.output_layer = nn.Linear(hidden_dim*2, output_dim) def forward(self, x): batch_size, seq_len, num_channels = x.size() x = x.permute(0, 2, 1) for conv_layer in self.conv_layers: x = conv_layer(x) x = F.relu(x) x = F.max_pool1d(x, kernel_size=self.kernel_size, stride=self.stride) x = x.permute(0, 2, 1) # LSTM layer h_0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, batch_size, self.hidden_dim).to(device) c_0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, batch_size, self.hidden_dim).to(device) lstm_out, (h_n, c_n) = self.lstm(x, (h_0, c_0)) lstm_out = lstm_out.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.hidden_dim*2) # Attention layer attention_weights = F.softmax(self.attention_layer(lstm_out), dim=1) attention_weights = attention_weights.permute(0,2,1) attention_weights = F.dropout(attention_weights, p=self.dropout_prob, training=self.training) output = torch.bmm(attention_weights, lstm_out).squeeze() # Output layer output = self.output_layer(output) return output ``` 在上面的代码中,我们首先定义了类`CNN_LSTM_Attention`,它继承自PyTorch的`nn.Module`基类。该类的主要部分包括三层1D卷积层、一层双向LSTM层、一层Attention层和一层输出层。 在`__init__`函数中,我们定义了输入维度`input_dim`、隐藏维度`hidden_dim`、输出维度`output_dim`、层数`num_layers`、dropout概率`dropout_prob`、卷积核大小`kernel_size`和步长`stride`。我们使用`nn.ModuleList`来保存卷积层。 在`forward`函数中,我们首先对数据进行转置,以便将序列长度放在第二维,这将便于进行卷积操作。我们然后依次通过三层1D卷积层,每层都是一个卷积层,一个ReLU激活层和一个最大池化层。 接下来,我们将数据传递给双向LSTM层,这将返回一个输出张量和一个元组,其中包含LSTM层的最后一个状态和单元状态。我们将输出张量重塑为(batch_size, seq_len, hidden_dim*2)的形状。 在Attention层中,我们首先将LSTM层的输出传递给一个线性层,以产生注意力权重。将注意力权重限制为0到1之间,以便它们可以被解释为加权和。我们随机丢弃注意力权重中的一部分,以减少过拟合,然后将它们与LSTM层的输出相乘,以得到加权和。最后,我们将加权和传递给输出层来生成最终的预测。 通过使用此三层1D CNN LSTM Attention网络,我们可以实现一种有效的序列到序列的建模方法,并应用于多种语音识别、自然语言处理、视频分析等场景中。

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