sql创建数据库、表、索引、触发器、存储过程学习

CREATE DATABASE ST
 ON PRIMARY
( NAME='ST',   /* 主数据的逻辑名称 */
  FILENAME='F:\database doc\ST\ST.mdf',   /* 主数据的物理名称*/
  SIZE=10MB,    /*-- 主数据文件的初始化大小 --*/
  MAXSIZE=100MB,   /*-- 主数据文件的最大值 --*/
  FILEGROWTH=5MB )     /*--主数据文件增长率 --*/

LOG ON               /*--日志文件的具体描述,各参数含义同上--*/
( NAME='ST_LOG',
  FILENAME='F:\database doc\ST\ST_LOG.ldf',
  SIZE=2MB,
  MAXSIZE=10MB,
  FILEGROWTH=2MB )
CREATE TABLE Student
( Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY,
  Sname CHAR(20) UNIQUE,
  Ssex CHAR(2),
  Sage SMALLINT,
  Sdept CHAR(20)
);
CREATE TABLE SC
( Sno CHAR(9),
  Cno CHAR(4),
  Grade SMALLINT,
  PRIMARY KEY (Sno,Cno),
  FOREIGN KEY (Sno) REFERENCES Student(Sno),
  FOREIGN KEY (Cno) REFERENCES Course(Cno)
 );
alter table Course add constraint Cpno foreign key(Cpno) references Course(Cno)
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('200215122','刘晨','女','19','CS');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('200215123','王敏','女','18','MA');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('200215125','张立','男','19','IS');

学生表、课程表、 成绩表、教师表50个常用sql语句

--Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) --学生表

--Course(C#,Cname,T#) --课程表

--SC(S#,C#,score) --成绩表

--Teacher(T#,Tname) --教师表

 

create table Student(S# varchar(20),Sname varchar(10),Sage int,Ssex varchar(2)) 

--前面加一列序号:

if

exists(select table_name from information_schema.tables

  where table_name="Temp_Table")

drop table Temp_Table

go

select 排名=identity(int,1,1),* INTO   Temp_Table    from Student 

go

select * from Temp_Table

go 

 

drop database [ ]  --删除空的没有名字的数据库

--问题:

--1、查询“”课程比“”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;

  select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#="001") a,(select s#,score 

  from SC where C#="002") b 

  where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#; 

 

--2、查询平均成绩大于分的同学的学号和平均成绩;

    select S#,avg(score) 

    from sc 

    group by S# having avg(score) >60; 

 

--3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;

  select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score) 

  from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S# 

  group by Student.S#,Sname 

 

--4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数;

  select count(distinct(Tname)) 

  from Teacher 

  where Tname like "李%"; 

 

--5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;

    select Student.S#,Student.Sname 

    from Student  

    where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where  SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname="叶平"); 

 

--6、查询学过“”并且也学过编号“”课程的同学的学号、姓名;

  select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#="001"and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#="002"); 

 

--7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;

  select S#,Sname 

  from Student 

  where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname="叶平" group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher  where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname="叶平")); 

 

--8、查询课程编号“”的成绩比课程编号“”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;

  Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#="002") score2 

  from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#="001") S_2 where score2 <score; 

 

--9、查询所有课程成绩小于分的同学的学号、姓名;

  select S#,Sname 

  from Student 

  where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60); 

 

--10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;

    select Student.S#,Student.Sname 

    from Student,SC 

    where Student.S#=SC.S# group by  Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course); 

 

--11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;

    select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#="1001"; 

 

--12、查询至少学过学号为“”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名;

    select distinct SC.S#,Sname 

    from Student,SC 

    where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#="001"); 

 

--13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩;

    update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score) 

    from SC SC_2 

    where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname="叶平"); 

 

--14、查询和“”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;

    select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#="1002") 

    group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#="1002"); 

 

--15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录;

    Delect SC 

    from course ,Teacher  

    where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname="叶平"; 

 

--16、向SC表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:没有上过编号“”课程的同学学号、、

    号课的平均成绩;

    Insert SC select S#,"002",(Select avg(score) 

    from SC where C#="002") from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#="002"); 

 

--17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩,按如下形式显示:学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分

    SELECT S# as 学生ID 

        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#="004") AS 数据库

        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#="001") AS 企业管理

        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#="006") AS 英语

        ,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩

    FROM SC AS t 

    GROUP BY S# 

    ORDER BY avg(t.score)  

 

--18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分

    SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分

    FROM SC L ,SC AS R 

    WHERE L.C# = R.C# and 

        L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score) 

                      FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM 

                      WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S# 

                      GROUP BY IL.C#) 

        AND 

        R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score) 

                      FROM SC AS IR 

                      WHERE R.C# = IR.C# 

                  GROUP BY IR.C# 

                    ); 

 

--19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序

    SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩

        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数

    FROM SC T,Course 

    where t.C#=course.C# 

    GROUP BY t.C# 

    ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC 

 

--20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理(),马克思(),OO&UML (),数据库()

    SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ="001" THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN "001" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分

        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "001" AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "001" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "002" THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN "002" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分

        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "002" AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "002" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "003" THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN "003" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分

        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "003" AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "003" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "004" THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN "004" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分

        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "004" AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = "004" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数

  FROM SC 

 

--21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

  SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩

    FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z 

    where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T# 

  GROUP BY C.C# 

  ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC 

 

--22、查询如下课程成绩第名到第名的学生成绩单:企业管理(),马克思(),UML (),数据库()

    [学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩

    SELECT  DISTINCT top 3 

      SC.S# As 学生学号, 

        Student.Sname AS 学生姓名, 

      T1.score AS 企业管理, 

      T2.score AS 马克思, 

      T3.score AS UML, 

      T4.score AS 数据库, 

      ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分

      FROM Student,SC  LEFT JOIN SC AS T1 

                      ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = "001" 

            LEFT JOIN SC AS T2 

                      ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = "002" 

            LEFT JOIN SC AS T3 

                      ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = "003" 

            LEFT JOIN SC AS T4 

                      ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = "004" 

      WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and 

      ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) 

      NOT IN 

      (SELECT 

            DISTINCT 

            TOP 15 WITH TIES 

            ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) 

      FROM sc 

            LEFT JOIN sc AS T1 

                      ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = "k1" 

            LEFT JOIN sc AS T2 

                      ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = "k2" 

            LEFT JOIN sc AS T3 

                      ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = "k3" 

            LEFT JOIN sc AS T4 

                      ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = "k4" 

      ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC); 

 

--23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60] 

    SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85] 

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70] 

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60] 

        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -] 

    FROM SC,Course 

    where SC.C#=Course.C# 

    GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname; 

 

--24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

      SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩) 

              FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩

                      FROM SC 

                  GROUP BY S# 

                  ) AS T1 

            WHERE 平均成绩> T2.平均成绩) as 名次, 

      S# as 学生学号,平均成绩

    FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩

            FROM SC 

        GROUP BY S# 

        ) AS T2 

    ORDER BY 平均成绩desc; 

 

--25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况) 

      SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数

      FROM SC t1 

      WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score 

              FROM SC 

              WHERE t1.C#= C# 

            ORDER BY score DESC 

              ) 

      ORDER BY t1.C#; 

 

--26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

  select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#; 

 

--27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

  select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数

  from SC ,Student 

  where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1; 

 

--28、查询男生、女生人数

    Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数from Student group by Ssex having Ssex="男"; 

    Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数from Student group by Ssex having Ssex="女"; 

 

--29、查询姓“张”的学生名单

  SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like "张%"; 

 

--30、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

  select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having  count(*)>1;; 

 

--31、年出生的学生名单(注:Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime) 

    select Sname,  CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age 

    from student 

    where  CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))="1981"; 

 

--32、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列

    Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ; 

 

--33、查询平均成绩大于的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

    select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score) 

    from Student,SC 

    where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having    avg(score)>85; 

 

--34、查询课程名称为“数据库”,且分数低于的学生姓名和分数

    Select Sname,isnull(score,0) 

    from Student,SC,Course 

    where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and  Course.Cname="数据库"and score <60; 

 

--35、查询所有学生的选课情况;

    SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname 

    FROM SC,Student,Course 

    where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ; 

 

--36、查询任何一门课程成绩在分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;

    SELECT  distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score 

    FROM student,Sc 

    WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#; 

 

--37、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列

    select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ; 

 

--38、查询课程编号为且课程成绩在分以上的学生的学号和姓名;

    select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#="003"; 

 

--39、求选了课程的学生人数

    select count(*) from sc; 

 

--40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩

    select Student.Sname,score 

    from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher 

    where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname="叶平" and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# ); 

 

--41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数

    select count(*) from sc group by C#; 

 

--42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩

  select distinct  A.S#,B.score from SC A  ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ; 

 

--43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

    SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数

      FROM SC t1 

      WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score 

              FROM SC 

              WHERE t1.C#= C# 

            ORDER BY score DESC 

              ) 

      ORDER BY t1.C#; 

 

--44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

    select  C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数

    from  sc  

    group  by  C# 

    order  by  count(*) desc,c#  

 

--45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

    select  S#  

    from  sc  

    group  by  s# 

    having  count(*)  >  =  2 

 

--46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名

    select  C#,Cname  

    from  Course  

    where  C#  in  (select  c#  from  sc group  by  c#)  

 

--47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

    select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname="叶平"); 

 

--48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩

    select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#; 

 

--49、检索“”课程分数小于,按分数降序排列的同学学号

    select S# from SC where C#="004"and score <60 order by score desc; 

 

--50、删除“”同学的“”课程的成绩

delete from Sc where S#="001"and C#="001"; 



--学生表(学号、姓名、性别、年龄、所在系) 

--课程表(课程号、课程名、先修课号、学分) 

--学生选课表(学号、课程号、成绩) 



--1:查询全体学生的学号和姓名 



--2:查询全体学生的姓名、学号和所在系 



--3:  查询全体学生的详细记录 



--4: 查询全体学生的姓名及其出生年份 



--5:查询全体学生姓名、出生年份和所在系,要求用小写字母表示所有系名 



--6:查询选修了课程的学生学号 



--7:查询计算机系(IS)所有学生的名单 



--8:查询所有年龄在20以下学生的姓名和年龄 



--9:  查询考试成绩有不及格的学生的学号 



--10: 查询年龄在20-23 (包括20和23)之间的学生的姓名、系别和年龄 



--11: 查询信息系(IS)、数学系(MA)和计算机科学系(CS)学生的姓名和性别 



--12: 查询学号为95001的学生的详细情况 



--13: 查询所有姓林的学生的姓名、学号和性别 



--14: 查询姓“欧阳”且全名为三个汉字的学生的姓名 



--15:查询名字中第二个字为“燕”字的学生姓名和学号 



--16:查询所有不姓“刘”的学生的姓名 



--17:查询课程名为“DB_DESIGN”的课程号的学分 



--18:查询缺少成绩的学生的学号和相应的课程号(成绩字段值为Null) 



--19: 查询所有有成绩的学生的学号和课程号 



--20: 查询所有计算机系年龄在20以下的学生姓名 



--21: 查询选修了3号课程的学生的学号和成绩,查询结果按分数降序排列 



--22: 查询全体学生情况,查询结果按所在系的系号升序排列,同一系中的学生按年龄降序排列 



--23: 查询学生总人数 



--24: 查询选修了课程的学生人数 



--25: 计算1号课程的学生的平均成绩 



--26: 计算1号课程的学生的最高成绩分数 



--27:求各个课程号及相应的选课人数 



--28:  查询选修了三门以上课程的学生学号 



--29:查询每个学生及其选修课情况 



--30:查询每一门课的间接先行课 



--31:选修2号课程且成绩在90以上的学生的学号和姓名 



--32:查询每个学生的学号、姓名、选修的课程名及成绩 



--33:查询与’林燕芳’在同一个系学习的学生姓名 



--34: 查询其他系中比信息系某一学生小的学生姓名和年龄 



--35:查询所有选修了1号课程的学生的学生姓名 



--36:查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名 



--37:至少选修了学生95002选修全部课程的学生号码 



select Sno,Sname from Student 



select Sno,Sname,Sdept from Student 



select * from Student /*也可以逐一列出列名并用逗号分隔*/ 



--其中getdate是获取当前系统时间。这是一个获取到的结果 :2008-12-11 16:02:17.967 



--datepart从获取到的系统时间中分离出需要的部分,这里是分离出年份,更多信息请查看SQL Server联机帮助 



--下面的 出生年 指定了别名来替代原来结果页出现的文字 



select Sname , (datepart( year,getdate())- Sage) "出生年" from Student 



--该实例利用了小写转换函数lower() 提示:通过查询分析器的 公用对象 的 字符串函数中你可以找到这个函数 



select Sname "姓名" , (datepart( year,getdate())- Sage) "出生年",lower(Sdept) "所在系" from Student 



select Sno  from sc --这里将返回全部结果,有重复的值 



   select distinct Sno from sc--加入关键字distinct就可以去除重复结果,只留1个 



--sql 中默认对字符串大小写不敏感的,所以下面的sdept=’IS’你也可以写成sdept=’is’。如果你要启用大小写敏感,可以用下面的方法 



if   敏感   

       select   *   from   table   where   field1="AAA"   COLLATE   Chinese_PRC_CS_AS   

  else   

        select   *   from   table   where   field1="AAA"   COLLATE   Chinese_PRC_CI_AS 

  COLLATE   的中文排序规则参数可用下列方式查到 

  SELECT   *   FROM   ::fn_helpcollations()   where   name   like   "Chinese%" 



select Sname from student where sdept="IS" 



select Sname,Sage from student where Sage<20 



select Sno from sc where grade<60 



--如果要查询不在这个区间的记录,那只要改成 not between就可以了 



select Sname,Sdept,Sage from student where Sage between 20 and 23 



--如果要查询不属于信息系、数学系和计算机科学系的,可以在in前面加上NOT 



--也可以这样子写:select Sname,Ssex from student where Sdept="is" or sdept="ma" or sdept="cs" 



select Sname,Ssex from student where Sdept in("IS","MA","CS") 



--或者是select * from student where sno = "95001" 



select * from student where sno like "95001":--like用于字符串匹配 



--百分号匹配多个字符,包括0个 



select Sname,Sno,Sage  from student where sname like "林%" 



-- 一个下划线匹配单个字符 



select sname from student where sname like "欧阳_" 



select sname,sno from student where sname like "_燕%" 



select sname from student where sname not like "刘%" 



select Ccredit from course where cname like "DB\_DESIGN" escape"\" 



--注意:这里不用使用 = null 



select sno,cno  from sc where grade is null 



select sno,cno from sc where grade is not null 



select sname from student where sdept="CS" and sage<20 



select sno,grade from sc where cno=3 order by grade desc 



select * from student order by sdept,sage desc 



select count(*) from student 



select count(distinct sno) from sc 



select avg(grade) from sc where cno="1" 



select max(grade) from sc where cno="1" 



group by 按照它后面的列值进行分组,相同的值被分在一组 



select cno,count(sno) from sc group by cno 



--having后面的条件是根据group by 分组后的结果再进行筛选,最后只给出满足条件的分组 



--where筛选的对象是整个表,而having则是分组 



select sno from sc group by sno having count(sno)>=3 



select a.sname,b.cno from student a ,sc b where a.sno=b.sno 



或者 



select a.sname,b.cno from student a left outer join sc b 



on a.sno=b.sno where b.cno is not null 



--自身连接 



select a.Cno,b.Cpno from course a,course b where a.Cpno=b.Cno 



--31: 



select student.sno,student.sname 



from student,sc 



where student.sno=sc.sno and 



sc.cno="2" and 



sc.grade>=90 



--32: 



select student.sno,student.sname,course.cname,sc.grade 



from (student left join sc on student.sno=sc.sno) 



left join course on sc.cno=course.cno 



--或者: 



--忽略cname和grade都为null的行 



Select student.sno,sname,cname,grade 



From student,sc,course 



Where student.sno=sc.sno and sc.cno=course.cno 



--33: 



select sname from student 



where sdept=(select sdept from student where sname="林燕芳") 



--34: 



select sname,sage 



from student 



where sage<any( 



select sage from student 



where sdept="is" 



) and sdept<>"IS" 



--35:利用 exists的查询 



--exists根据是否存在行返回true/false 



--如果要查询没有选修1号课程的学生姓名,只要使用NOT Exists即可 



select * 



from student 



where exists( 



select 1 from sc 



where student.sno=sc.sno and cno="1" 



) 



--或者你可以使用连接查询 



select * from student left join sc on student.sno=sc.sno 



where sc.cno="1" 



--36: 



declare @temp1 int 



declare @temp2 int 



select @temp1=count(*) from course 



select @temp2=sno from sc group by sno 



having count(sno)=@temp1 



select sname from student where sno in (@temp2) 



--或者 



--就是转换成查询没有一门课程没有选修的学生姓名 



--如果把两个not都去掉就是查询所有有选修课程的学生 



Select sname from student where not exists( 



Select 1 from course where not exists( 



Select 1 from sc where student.sno=sc.sno and course.cno=sc.cno 



) 



) 



--37: 



--同样要进行转换:查询这样的学生,没有95002选修的课程而学生X没有选修的 



Select distinct sno 



From sc scx 



Where not exists 



( 



       Select 1 from sc scy 



       Where scy.sno="95002" and not exists 



       ( 



              Select 1 from sc scz 



              Where scz.sno=scx.sno and scz.cno=scy.cno 



       ) 



) 



and sno!="95002" 



--插入语句: 



--对每一个系求平均年龄,并把结果存入数据库 



--需要创建一个表用来存储结果 



Create table Deptage 



( 



       Sdept char(15), 



       Avgage smallint 



); 



--插入子查询结果 



insert into 



  Deptage(Sdept,Avgage) 



select sdept,avg(sage) 



from student 



group by sdept 



--查看结果 



select * from deptage 



--修改语句; 



--1:将学生95001的年龄改为22岁 



Update student 



Set sage=22 



Where sno="95001"--注意如果不带where,则修改全部记录 



--2:将所有的学生年龄加1岁(修改多个元组的值) 



Update student 



Set sage=sage+1; 



--3:将计算机系全体同学的成绩置零(带子查询的修改语句) 



Update sc 



Set grade=0 



Where "cs"=( 



Select sdept from student 



Where student.sno=sc.sno) 



--删除语句: 



--1:删除学号为95009的学生记录(删除后将无法回复) 



Delete from student 



Where sno="95009"--没有加where的话将删除该表全部记录 



--2:删除计算机科学系所有学生的选课记录 



Delete from sc 



Where "cs"=( 



Select sdept 



From student 



Where student.sno=sc.sno 



) 



--例1:查询至少选秀1号课程和3号课程号的学生号码。 



--答案 



select  a.学号  from sc a,sc b where a.学号=b.学号 and a.课程号="1" and b.课程号="3" 



--例2:查询至少选修了一门直接先行课为5号课程的学生姓名。 



--答案: 



select 姓名 from student where 学号 in( SELECT [学号] FROM [test].[dbo].[SC] where 课程号 in(SELECT 课程号 from Course where 先行课="5")) 



--例子3:查询选修了全部课程的学生号码和姓名。 



declare @t1 int 



declare @t2 int 



select @t2=count(*) from Course 



select @t1=学号   from SC  group by 学号 having count(学号)=@t2 



--print "@t1="+cast(@t1 as varchar) 



Select 学号,姓名 from student where  学号=@t1 



--例子4:查询信息系年龄最大的三个学生的学号及其年龄,结果按年龄降序排列。 



select top 3  学号,年龄  from Student where 所在系="IS" order by 年龄 desc 



--例子5:查询选修了2号课程的学生名字 



select 姓名 from student where 学号 in( select 学号 from sc where 课程号=2) 



--例子6:查询成绩为90分以上的学生名字和课程名字 



select st.姓名,c.课程名 from student st left join sc s on st.学号=s.学号 left join Course c on s.课程号=c.课程号 



where  st.学号 in (select st.学号 from sc where s.成绩>=90) 



sql 取中间几条记录(select top 表达式)  



--查询从第M条至N条的记录,写到存储过程中就是输入参数 



declare @m int-- 



declare @n int-- 



declare @x int 



declare @y int 



--设置测试值 



set @m=3 



set @n=10 



set @x=(@n-@m+1) 



set @y=(@m-1) 



/* 

语法 

Select top (n-(m-1)) * from [表名] where [parimary key] not in(select top (m-1) 

[主键] from [表名] order by [排序字段及排序方法]) order by [排序字段及排序方法 

]; 

*/ 

--测试用例,因为T-sql top 后不支持表达式,故采取下面的方法 



exec("select top  "+@x+"*  from  kf.T_Community where [C_ID] not in (select top "+@y+" [C_ID] from kf.T_Community order by [C_ID]) order by [C_ID]")

--PS:如果在Orcale中,可以直接通过rownumber来控制,这样就容易多了





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