静态路由、环回、dhcp、ip划分等综合实验复习练习

题目分析：

由图可知，一共有17个广播域，但是由于会出现ip地址浪费问题，平均划分显然不妥，

所以我们选择出

6个骨干链路（路由之间）当做1个，

r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 五个路由器的环回，5个

dhcp分配，1个

首先划分7个

然后再以这7个的基础进一步划分

192.168.1.0 24

192.168.1.000 00000 /27——骨干链路

     192.168.1.000 000 00/30             0 30

     192.168.1.000 001 00/30             4 30

     192.168.1.000 010 00/30              8 30

     192.168.1.000 011 00/30              12 30

     192.168.1.000 100 00/30              16 30

     192.168.1.000 101 00/30              20   30

     192.168.1.000 110 00/30               24 30（保留）

     192.168.1.000 111 00/30                28 30（保留）

192.168.1.001 00000 /27----r1环回

     192.168.1.001 0 0000/28                 32 28

     192.168.1.001 1 0000/28                  48 28

192.168.1.010 00000 /27----r2环回

      192.168.1.010 0 0000/28                  64 28

      192.168.1.010 1 0000/28                  80 28

192.168.1.011 00000 /27----r3环回

       192.168.1.011 0 0000/28                  96 28

       192.168.1.011 1 0000/28                  112 28

192.168.1.100 00000 /27----r4环回

        192.168.1. 100 0 0000/28                 128 28

         192.168.1.100 1 0000/28                  144 28

192.168.1.101 00000 /27----r5环回

          192.168.1.101 0 0000/28                 160 28

          192.168.1.101 1 0000/28                 176 28

192.168.1.110 00000 /27-----dhcp分配          192 27

          

192.168.1.111 00000 /27(保留)                     224 27（保留）

路由器操作：

将各个路由器接口和环回配好ip，并将各个路由用静态连接，各个环回接口连接，

注意：缺省路由只能有一个方向，否则会出现环路，我的方向是从左到右

每个路由都需要有对自身环回  NULL 0 的操作，以防环回损坏而出现环路，其中r5还要对保留的网段进行NULL 0 操作

根据题目，r4和r5之间的路由连接存在优先级

例：

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 90

只需将下面链路的优先级设置为大于60的即可（静态路由的优先级为60）

操作过程中还应多次检查路由表或者接口配置，以防ping不通

可用如下命令：

[r1]display ip interface brief

[r1]display ip routing-table

我以R2 R4 R5 的操作为例：

R2:

[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
 
 
 
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ping 192.168.1.33
  PING 192.168.1.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

  --- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/22/30 ms

[r2]ping -a 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.33
  PING 192.168.1.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

  --- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/18/20 ms

 

 
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R4:

[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g3/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet3/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet3/0/0]
[r4-GigabitEthernet3/0/0]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[r4]int l 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 90
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 90
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

R5：

 
 
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.193 2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[r5]int l 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.161 28
[r5-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r5-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 90
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 90
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 90
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 90
[r5]dhcp enable
[r5]ip pool 111
[r5-ip-pool-111]network 192.168.1.192 mask 27
[r5-ip-pool-111]gateway-list 192.168.1.193
[r5-ip-pool-111]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[r5-ip-pool-111]quit
[r5]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ping -a 192.168.1.161 192.168.1.33
  PING 192.168.1.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms

 

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.224 27 NULL 0
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 NULL 0
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.28 30 NULL 0
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0

检验：

PC1：

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fee2:2061
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.222
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.193
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-E2-20-61
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8
                                    114.114.114.114

PC>ping 192.168.1.33

Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!

--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  0 packet(s) received
  100.00% packet loss

PC>ping 192.168.1.33

Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=46 ms

--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 46/50/63 ms

PC2：

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe73:2c92
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.221
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.193
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-73-2C-92
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8
                                    114.114.114.114

PC>ping 192.168.1.1

Ping 192.168.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=15 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=16 ms

--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 15/37/62 ms

 

PC>ping 192.168.1.33

Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=63 ms

--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 ms

全网可达