LNMP环境的基础搭建，即Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP环境

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-21 20:52:16 发布

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分类专栏： LNMP

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qiuling007/article/details/48379899

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LNMP环境的基础搭建，即Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP环境

注意：#用“//---//” 标记的部分不要。

参考内容：
lnmp环境搭建完全手册(四)——lnmp搭建(源码安装)
http://blog.csdn.net/stuartjing/article/details/8124491

nginx的安装
http://www.cnblogs.com/kingtigerhu/articles/2271270.html

nginx php-fpm安装配置
http://linux.it.net.cn/e/server/nginx/2014/1208/9850.html

#查看linux版本
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
Release: 5.5
Codename: Final

#尝试用yum安装nginx，结果没有。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
addons | 1.9 kB 00:00
base | 1.1 kB 00:00
extras | 2.1 kB 00:00
updates | 1.9 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
No package nginx available.
Nothing to do

[root@localhost ~]#

nginx: Linux packages
http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#stable

选择CentOS 5的stable version

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/hgfs/sharefiles/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
nginx-1.9.4.tar.gz nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm
warning: nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 signature: NOKEY, key ID 7bd9bf62
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:nginx-release-centos ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost nginx]# which nginx
/usr/bin/which: no nginx in (/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
[root@localhost nginx]#

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install pcre
Updated:
pcre.i386 0:6.6-9.el5

Complete!

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

nginx的安装
http://www.cnblogs.com/kingtigerhu/articles/2271270.html

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install pcre-devel
Installed:
pcre-devel.i386 0:6.6-9.el5

Complete!

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# yum -y install openssl-devel

....

Dependency Updated:
e2fsprogs.i386 0:1.39-37.el5
e2fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.39-37.el5
krb5-libs.i386 0:1.6.1-80.el5_11
krb5-workstation.i386 0:1.6.1-80.el5_11
libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5
openssl.i686 0:0.9.8e-36.0.1.el5_11
zlib.i386 0:1.2.3-7.el5

Complete!

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ls
auto CHANGES.ru configure html Makefile objs src
CHANGES conf contrib LICENSE man README

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# make

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# make install

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# ls /usr/local/nginx/
conf html logs sbin
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]# netstat -antlp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12310/nginx
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3804/sshd

[root@localhost nginx-1.9.4]#

#浏览器
http://127.0.0.1

网页显示：
Welcome to nginx!

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

[root@localhost /]# yum install mysql-server php php-devel php-mysql

Installed:
mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 php.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
php-devel.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 php-mysql.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11

Dependency Installed:
mysql.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:3.0007-2.el5
perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5 php-cli.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
php-common.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 php-pdo.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11

Complete!

#首次启动mysql
[root@localhost /]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

#mysql数据库端口
[root@localhost /]# netstat -antlp ¦ grep 3306
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17863/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3565/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12310/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:821 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3607/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3813/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3914/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 1 192.168.3.151:38521 74.125.203.190:443 SYN_SENT 12368/firefox
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3804/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.3.151:22 ::ffff:192.168.3.10:55532 ESTABLISHED 4672/1

#查看nginx配置
[root@localhost /]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#配置主机名
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.3.151 localhost.localdomain localhost

~
~
"/etc/hosts" 8L, 238C written

[root@localhost /]#

#重启nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

#重启nginx失败了，只好重启linux
[root@localhost /]# reboot

[root@localhost /]#

#先检查一下是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
#编写nginx的启动脚本，并加入系统服务
#这个文件后来删掉了，因为发现随系统启动后，stop失败，也无法重启。只能reboot系统才行。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx

编写nginx的启动脚本，并加入系统服务
vi /etc/init.d/nginx写入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac

exit $RETVAL

保存后，更改/etc/init.d/nginx的权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on

//-----------------------------------------------------------------//

#启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start
Starting Nginx: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4724/nginx.conf

#如果启动不了，请到/usr/local/nginx/logs/目录下查看nginx_error.log这个日志文件。若是没有这个日志文件，很有可能是那个目录没有写权限，请执行

chmod +w /usr/local/nginx/logs/
service nginx restart

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +w /usr/local/nginx/logs/

//-----------------------------------------------------------------//
#发现问题，nginx启动后网页无法访问
#关键文件要备份啊，幸好我有个备份nginx (copy).conf，后来是采用还原nginx.conf这个文件，nginx就恢复了。

[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# cat error.log

#解决 connect() to unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) 问题

[root@localhost local]# yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

[root@localhost local]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc

[root@localhost local]# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libxslt-devel \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel \
ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel \
krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-deve

#php版本
[root@localhost sharefiles]# php -v
PHP 5.1.6 (cli) (built: Nov 6 2014 12:25:33)
Copyright (c) 1997-2006 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2006 Zend Technologies

#想打个补丁，不过失败了
[root@localhost sharefiles]# gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
//-----------------------------------------------------------------//

php-fpm介绍及配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tonyxf121/article/details/7869187

#php-fpm配置

从php5.3.3版本开始就已经集成了fpm，不再是第三方的包了，如果使用的是php5.3.3以前的版本就得自己去安装fpm包了，对于php5.2.x的版本，fpm的配置文件还是xml格式，php5.3.x开始fpm配置文件

就已经支持ini格式了。

tar用法：
.tar.gz 格式解压为 tar -zxvf xx.tar.gz

.tar.bz2 格式解压为 tar -jxvf xx.tar.bz2

[root@localhost local]#

#不打升级包了，直接更新php

[root@localhost sharefiles]# tar -jxvf php-5.6.13.tar.bz2

[root@localhost sharefiles]#ls

[root@localhost sharefiles]#cd php-5.6.13

#一开始我是用./configure 和 make && make install安装，后来发现不行。
#./configure 后面一定要带参数

[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# mkdir /etc/php /etc/php5.d
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php
[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt \
--enable-mbstring --disable-pdo --with-curl --disable-debug --disable-rpath \
--enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex \
--with-mhash --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-mysql --with-mysqli \
--with-gd --with-jpeg-dir

[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# make all install

nginx 服务器重启命令，关闭
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24960107-id-341855.html

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/

[root@localhost nginx]# ls
client_body_temp fastcgi_temp logs sbin uwsgi_temp
conf html proxy_temp scgi_temp

[root@localhost nginx]# cd sbin

[root@localhost sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx

[root@localhost sbin]# netstat -antlp ¦ grep 80
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3564/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4339/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:820 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3606/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3812/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3912/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3803/sshd
tcp 0 596 ::ffff:192.168.3.151:22 ::ffff:192.168.3.10:52560 ESTABLISHED 4293/1

#停止niginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop

#
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

下面是对php-fpm运行用户进行设置

cd /usr/local/php
cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
vi etc/php-fpm.conf
修改
user = oracle
group = oracle

如果oracle用户不存在，那么先添加oracle用户
groupadd oracle
useradd -g oracle oracle

修改nginx配置文件以支持php-fpm

nginx安装完成后，修改nginx配置文件为：nginx.conf

其中server段增加如下配置，注意标红内容配置，否则会出现No input file specified.错误

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

#以防以后忘记了，这里把server这段内容贴出来
##开始
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm; （这里漏了加index.php，不过php页面也正确显示出来了。）

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

}

##结束

启动php-fpm和nginx

#重启nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx

#找php-fpm目录
[root@localhost php]# ls
bin etc include lib man php php.ini sbin var
[root@localhost php]# cd /usr/local/php/
[root@localhost php]# ls
bin etc include lib man php php.ini sbin var
[root@localhost php]# cd sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
php-fpm

#启动php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]# ./php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]#

浏览器：http://127.0.0.1/index.php
页面显示：PHP Version 5.6.13

mysql 的设置和LAMP中的设置一样，设置用户密码，删除匿名用户。
测试PHP与mysql连接。
这里就不再重复了。

不过以后要记得LNMP需要启动的服务：

./nginx
./php-fpm
/etc/init.d/mysqld start (mysql登录： mysql -u root)

结束测试：

[root@localhost ~]# halt

Broadcast message from root (pts/4) (Fri Sep 11 06:48:59 2015):

The system is going down for system halt NOW!

总结：

1. 手动启服务

#启动mysql
[root@localhost /]# service mysqld start

#nginx启动
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx

#停止niginx

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop

#启动php-fpm
[root@localhost sbin]# ./php-fpm

2.检查nginx

#检查nginx是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

3.配置文件：