go 分析与创建JSON

JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）衍生与JavaScript语言的一种轻量级文本数据格式

1， 分析JSON

方法一： 使用Unmarshal函数

步骤： 1）创建一些用于包含JSON数据的结构

            2）通过json.Unmarshal函数， 把JSON数据解封到结构里面

例子：

要解析的文件 post.json

{
  "id" : 1,
  "content" : "Hello World!",
  "author" : {
    "id" : 2,
    "name" : "Sau Sheong"
  },
  "comments" : [
    { 
      "id" : 1, 
      "content" : "Have a great day!", 
      "author" : "Adam"
    },
    {
      "id" : 2, 
      "content" : "How are you today?", 
      "author" : "Betty"
    }
  ]
}

分析程序 json.go：

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
)

type Post struct {
	Id       int       `json:"id"`
	Content  string    `json:"content"`
	Author   Author    `json:"author"`
	Comments []Comment `json:"comments"`
}

type Author struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
}

type Comment struct {
	Id      int    `json:"id"`
	Content string `json:"content"`
	Author  string `json:"author"`
}

func main() {
	jsonFile, err := os.Open("post.json")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error opening JSON file:", err)
		return
	}
	defer jsonFile.Close()
	jsonData, err := ioutil.ReadAll(jsonFile)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading JSON data:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println(string(jsonData))
	var post Post
	json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &post)
	fmt.Println(post.Id)
	fmt.Println(post.Content)
	fmt.Println(post.Author.Id)
	fmt.Println(post.Author.Name)
	fmt.Println(post.Comments[0].Id)
	fmt.Println(post.Comments[0].Content)
	fmt.Println(post.Comments[0].Author)

}

运行  go run json.go

 

方法二： 使用Decoder

步骤：

1）创建出用于存储JSON数据的结构；

2） 创建出用于解码JSON数据的解码器；

3）遍历整个JSON文件并将数据解码至结构

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
)

type Post struct {
	Id       int       `json:"id"`
	Content  string    `json:"content"`
	Author   Author    `json:"author"`
	Comments []Comment `json:"comments"`
}

type Author struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
}

type Comment struct {
	Id      int    `json:"id"`
	Content string `json:"content"`
	Author  string `json:"author"`
}

func main() {
	jsonFile, err := os.Open("post.json")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error opening JSON file:", err)
		return
	}
	defer jsonFile.Close()
	//创建相应解码器
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(jsonFile)
	//遍历解码
	for {
		var post Post
		err := decoder.Decode(&post)
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error decoding JSON:", err)
			return
		}
		fmt.Println(post)
	}
}

  go run json.go  结果

{1 Hello World! {2 Sau Sheong} [{3 Have a great day! Adam} {4 How are you today}

2，创建JSON

方法一： 通过Marshal步骤

1）创建结构向其填充

2）把结构封装为JSON数据

创建程序为：

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
)

type Post struct {
	Id       int       `json:"id"`
	Content  string    `json:"content"`
	Author   Author    `json:"author"`
	Comments []Comment `json:"comments"`
}

type Author struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
}

type Comment struct {
	Id      int    `json:"id"`
	Content string `json:"content"`
	Author  string `json:"author"`
}

func main() {

	post := Post{
		Id:      1,
		Content: "Hello World!",
		Author: Author{
			Id:   2,
			Name: "Sau Sheong",
		},
		Comments: []Comment{
			Comment{
				Id:      1,
				Content: "Have a great day!",
				Author:  "Adam",
			},
			Comment{
				Id:      2,
				Content: "How are you today?",
				Author:  "Betty",
			},
		},
	}

	output, err := json.MarshalIndent(&post, "", "\t\t")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error marshalling to JSON:", err)
		return
	}
	err = ioutil.WriteFile("post.json", output, 0644)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error writing JSON to file:", err)
		return
	}
}

生成的文件post.json

{
                "id": 1,
                "content": "Hello World!",
                "author": {
                                "id": 2,
                                "name": "Sau Sheong"
                },
                "comments": [
                                {
                                                "id": 1,
                                                "content": "Have a great day!",
                                                "author": "Adam"
                                },
                                {
                                                "id": 2,
                                                "content": "How are you today?",
                                                "author": "Betty"
                                }
                ]
}

方法二：编码器方式步骤：

1）创建结构并填充数据

2）创建出用于存储的JSON文件

3）创建出用于编码JSON数据的编码器

4）通过编码器把结构编码至JSON文件

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
  "os"
)

type Post struct {
	Id       int       `json:"id"`
	Content  string    `json:"content"`
	Author   Author    `json:"author"`
	Comments []Comment `json:"comments"`
}

type Author struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id"`
	Name string `json:"name"`
}

type Comment struct {
	Id      int    `json:"id"`
	Content string `json:"content"`
	Author  string `json:"author"`
}

func main() {

	post := Post{
		Id:      1,
		Content: "Hello World!",
		Author: Author{
			Id:   2,
			Name: "Sau Sheong",
		},
		Comments: []Comment{
			Comment{
				Id:      1,
				Content: "Have a great day!",
				Author:  "Adam",
			},
			Comment{
				Id:      2,
				Content: "How are you today?",
				Author:  "Betty",
			},
		},
	}
	//创建JSON文件
	jsonFile, err := os.Create("post.json")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error creating JSON file:", err)
		return
	}
	//创建编码器
	jsonWriter := io.Writer(jsonFile)
	encoder := json.NewEncoder(jsonWriter) 
	//结构编码至JSON文件 
	err = encoder.Encode(&post)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error encoding JSON to file:", err)
		return
	}
}

结果

{"id":1,"content":"Hello World!","author":{"id":2,"name":"Sau Sheong"},"comments
":[{"id":1,"content":"Have a great day!","author":"Adam"},{"id":2,"content":"How
 are you today?","author":"Betty"}]}