java三大器之———过滤器Filter

1.先来看一张图

2.过滤器的功能：

①分析请求，将请求发送给指定的资源或自己创建一个响应返回

②在请求到达服务器前处理请求，设置头请求信息，将请求封装成符合规则的对象

3在响应到达客户端前处理响应，将响应封装成符合规则的对象

3.过滤器的用途

4.过滤器的执行

过滤器处理请求采取以下3种情况之一

①过滤器自身产生一个响应，返回给客户端

②把请求转发给过滤器链中的下一个过滤器，如果是最后一个过滤器则将请求转发给请求指定的资源

3把请求转发到另一资源

5.过滤器相关API

6.过滤器相关的接口

 init()方法--Servlet容器最先调用过滤器的init()方法,初始化过滤器，生命周期中只调用一次

 doFilter()方法--Servlet容器调用doFilter()方法处理请求

 destroy()方法--Servlet容器最后调用destroy()方法，释放过滤器所占的资源

7.配置过滤器

 8.Filter补充

①Filter配置过滤器链（按照在web.xml容器中配置的顺序依次执行，形成过滤器链）

②Servlet容器可以对同一个过滤器对象运行多个线程来同时处理多个请求

代码示例一

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    
    <filter>
        <description>字符编码过滤器</description>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encode</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

EncodingFilter.java

package filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);//放行
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

示例代码二

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    
    <filter>
        <description>登录认证过滤器</description>
        <filter-name>LimitFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.LimitFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encode</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>LimitFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

LimitFilter.java

package filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LimitFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)servletRequest ;
        User user=(User)req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        if(user!=null){
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);//放行
        }else{
            req.setAttribute("result", "您还没有登陆");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(servletRequest, servletResponse);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}