Spring Cloud Hystrix熔断与调用隔离组件

微服务框架(Spring Cloud,Dubbo)中将业务划分为许多微业务模块进行管理,这样会导致微服务间相互调用,彼此依赖,如果某一个环节的微服务出现问题,整个调用链条都会出现问题,会阻塞所有调用此服务的线程。Netflix为解决此问题根据断路器模式设计了Hystrix库,"断路器"是电气设备中的一种开关装置,当某个服务出现故障后,通过断路器的故障监控,向调用线程返回一个符号预期可处理的备选响应(Fallback),从而避免线程长时间等待或者抛出异常,这样保证了服务调用线程不会被长时间被占用,从而避免故障在微服务系统中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。
在这里插入图片描述

假设:一个服务依赖30个微服务,每个微服务99.99%可用。
99.99%的30次方 ≈ 99.7%
0.3% 意味着一千次请求 会有 3次失败
按照时间换算大约每月有2个小时时间服务出现问题。
如果服务依赖数量继续增加,服务不稳定导致的后果更加严重。

Hystrix如何进行熔断与调用隔离

Hystrix使用命令模式HystrixCommand(Command)包装依赖调用逻辑,每个命令在单独线程中/信号授权下执行。
可配置依赖调用超时时间,超时时间一般设为比99.5%平均时间略高即可.当调用超时时,直接返回或执行fallback逻辑。
为每个依赖提供一个小的线程池(或信号),如果线程池已满调用将被立即拒绝,默认不采用排队.加速失败判定时间。
依赖调用结果分:成功,失败(抛出异常),超时,线程拒绝,短路。 请求失败(异常,拒绝,超时,短路)时执行fallback(降级)逻辑。
提供熔断器组件,可以自动运行或手动调用,停止当前依赖一段时间(10秒),熔断器默认错误率阈值为50%,超过将自动运行。
提供近实时依赖的统计和监控。

Hystrix容错机制

在这里插入图片描述

设计Eureka注册中心

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>eureka-server Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<!-- 
		SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot框架的,必须引入SpringBoot的依赖
	 -->
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<properties>
	  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<!-- 
		Spring Cloud的命名没有按照版本方式管理,是采用命名方式,
		版本名称采用伦敦地铁站的名称命名,根据字母表的顺序对应版本时间顺序,
		比如最早的Release版本号为Angel,第二个Release版本为Brixton
	 -->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
	  <dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
		<scope>test</scope>
	  </dependency>
	  <!-- 
	  	Eureka 服务依赖
	   -->
	  <dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
	  </dependency>
	  
	  <!-- 
	  SpringBoot集成Spring Security
	   -->
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> 	
		</dependency> 
	</dependencies>

	<!-- 
	 根据SpringCloud约定打成可以独立执行Jar包,使用Maven命令
	 mvn  package  spring-boot:repackage
	 -->
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.properties

server.port=8110
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8110/eureka/

security.user.name=chenqx
security.user.password=123

EureKaServer启动类

package com.test.eureka_server;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EureKaServer 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(EureKaServer.class, args);
    }
}

设计微服务提供者

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>eureka-service-order</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>eureka-service-order Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<!-- 
	SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot框架的,必须引入SpringBoot的依赖
	-->
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	
	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
  
	<!-- 
		Spring Cloud的命名没有按照版本方式管理,是采用命名方式,
		版本名称采用伦敦地铁站的名称命名,根据字母表的顺序对应版本时间顺序,
		比如最早的Release版本号为Angel,第二个Release版本为Brixton
	 -->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	
	<!-- 
	 根据SpringCloud约定打成可以独立执行Jar包,使用Maven命令
	 mvn  package  spring-boot:repackage
	 -->
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.properties

server.port=9100
spring.application.name=service-order
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://chenqx:123@localhost:8110/eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true
eureka.client.registry-fetch-interval-seconds=10
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true

实体类

package com.test.eureka_service_order;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Date;

public class OrderInfo implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7233238826463139634L;
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String prdtName;
    private Integer count;
    private Integer amount;
    private Date createDt = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
    private String userId = null;
    
 
    public OrderInfo() {
    }
 
    public OrderInfo(String name,String prdtName,Integer count,Integer amount,Date createDt,String userId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.prdtName = prdtName;
        this.count = count;
        this.amount = amount;
        this.createDt = createDt;
        this.userId = userId;
    }
 
 
    public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getPrdtName() {
		return prdtName;
	}

	public void setPrdtName(String prdtName) {
		this.prdtName = prdtName;
	}

	public Integer getCount() {
		return count;
	}

	public void setCount(Integer count) {
		this.count = count;
	}

	public Integer getAmount() {
		return amount;
	}

	public void setAmount(Integer amount) {
		this.amount = amount;
	}

	public Date getCreateDt() {
		return createDt;
	}

	public void setCreateDt(Date createDt) {
		this.createDt = createDt;
	}

	public String getUserId() {
		return userId;
	}

	public void setUserId(String userId) {
		this.userId = userId;
	}

	@Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ",prdtName=" + prdtName +
                ",count=" + count +
                ",amount=" + amount +
                '}';
    }
}

服务类

package com.test.eureka_service_order;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.sql.Date;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderServiceApiImpl{

	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("name="+name);
		return "hello " + name;
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public OrderInfo hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name,
    		@RequestHeader("prdtName") String prdtName,
    		@RequestHeader("count") Integer count,
    		@RequestHeader("amount") Integer amount,
    		@RequestHeader("createDt") Date createDt,
    		@RequestHeader("userId") String userId) {
        try {
            name= URLDecoder.decode(name,"UTF-8");
            prdtName= URLDecoder.decode(prdtName,"UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return new OrderInfo(name, prdtName,count,amount,createDt,userId);
    }
 
	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello(@RequestBody OrderInfo order) {
        if (order == null) {
            return "未知";
        }
        return order.toString();
    }

}

启动类

package com.test.eureka_service_order;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderServer 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
    	SpringApplication.run(OrderServer.class, args);
    }
}

设计服务消费者

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<!-- 
		SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot框架的,必须引入SpringBoot的依赖
	 -->
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

  <groupId>com.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>eureka-service-web</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>eureka-service-web</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
	<!-- 
		Spring Cloud的命名没有按照版本方式管理,是采用命名方式,
		版本名称采用伦敦地铁站的名称命名,根据字母表的顺序对应版本时间顺序,
		比如最早的Release版本号为Angel,第二个Release版本为Brixton
	 -->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	
	<!-- 
	 根据SpringCloud约定打成可以独立执行Jar包,使用Maven命令
	 mvn  package  spring-boot:repackage
	 -->
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

实体类与服务提供者中的相同
在这里插入图片描述
定义Feign接口

package com.test.eureka_service_web;

import java.sql.Date;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "service-order",fallback=OrderFallBackImpl.class)
public interface OrderBackgroundService{
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name);
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public OrderInfo hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name,
    		@RequestHeader("prdtName") String prdtName,
    		@RequestHeader("count") Integer count,
    		@RequestHeader("amount") Integer amount,
    		@RequestHeader("createDt") Date createDt,
    		@RequestHeader("userId") String userId);
    
	@RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String hello(@RequestBody OrderInfo order);
}

在这里插入图片描述
设计OrderFallBackImpl

package com.test.eureka_service_web;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.sql.Date;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@Component
public class OrderFallBackImpl implements OrderBackgroundService{

	public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
		return "返回Fallback.hello";
	}

    public OrderInfo hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name,
    		@RequestHeader("prdtName") String prdtName,
    		@RequestHeader("count") Integer count,
    		@RequestHeader("amount") Integer amount,
    		@RequestHeader("createDt") Date createDt,
    		@RequestHeader("userId") String userId) {
    	name= "Fallback Name";
        prdtName= "Fallback PrdtName";
        return new OrderInfo(name, prdtName,count,amount,createDt,userId);
    }

    public String hello(@RequestBody OrderInfo order) {
    	return "返回Fallback.hello3";
    }

}

消费者Controller

package com.gf.eureka_order_client;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
	@Autowired
	private OrderBackgroundService service;
	
    @RequestMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(){
    	return service.hello("Java");
    }
}

启动类

package com.test.eureka_service_web;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import feign.Logger;

@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderClient 
{
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feginLoggerLevel(){
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderClient.class, args);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
application.properties

server.port=8887
spring.application.name=order-service-web
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.instance.server.port=8110
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://chenqx:123@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${eureka.instance.server.port}/eureka/
 
feign.hystrix.enabled=true

在这里插入图片描述

测试效果

分别启动EurekaServer注册中心,服务和消费者
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
停止SERVICE-ORDER服务后,再次请求http://localhost:8887/hello1
在这里插入图片描述

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