condition的作用
condition的使用场景其实很多,涉及到条件判断的并发场景都可以用到,比如:
- 阻塞队列的ArrayBlockingQueue中做队列满和空的条件判断
- CyclicBarrier中做阻塞与唤醒所有线程的判断
- DelayQueue中的阻塞获取队列数据的判断
- 线程池ThreadPoolExecutor中awaitTermination方法的条件判断
condition怎么用呢?
在使用synchronized时我们可以使用wait()、notify()、notifyAll()方法来调度线程,而condition提供了类似的方法:wait(),signal(),signalAll的功能,并且能够更加精细的控制等待的范围,像上面所说,jdk中使用了很多ReentrantLock和condition的配合来实现线程调度
我们看一个conditon最常见的使用方式:生产消费者的模型:
public class ConditionTest {
LinkedList<String> lists = new LinkedList<>();
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//集合是否满的条件判断
Condition fullCondition = lock.newCondition();
//集合是否空的条件判断
Condition emptyCondition = lock.newCondition();
//生产者
private void product(){
lock.lock();
try {
//假如集合大小为10
while (lists.size() == 10){
System.out.println("list is full");
fullCondition.await();
}
//生产一个5位的随机字符串
String randomString = getRandomString(5);
lists.add(randomString);
System.out.println(String.format("product %s size %d %s",randomString,lists.size(),Thread.currentThread().getName()));
//通知消费者可以消费了
emptyCondition.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//消费者
private String consume(){
lock.lock();
try{
while (lists.size() == 0){
System.out.println("list is empty");
emptyCondition.await();
}
String first = lists.removeFirst();
//通知生产者可以生产了
fullCondition.signalAll();
return first;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 生成随机字符串
* @param length
* @return
*/
public static String getRandomString(int length){
String str="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
Random random=new Random();
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
int number=random.nextInt(62);
sb.append(str.charAt(number));
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConditionTest test = new ConditionTest();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//线程个数控制消费的快还是生产的快
for(int i = 0;i<2;i++){
executorService.submit(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
test.product();
}
});
}
for(int k = 0;k<1;k++){
executorService.submit(()->{
System.out.println("cousumestart");
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String consume = test.consume();
System.out.println("consume " + consume+ " "+Thread.currentThread().getName() );
}
});
}
//等待输入,阻塞主线程不退出
try {
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//部分输出日志
product qeV0r size 7 pool-1-thread-1
product xEUkA size 8 pool-1-thread-2
consume P5Je1 pool-1-thread-3
product rQS1D size 8 pool-1-thread-1
product QcEtf size 9 pool-1-thread-2
consume 2q7Fc pool-1-thread-3
product Z5rBg size 9 pool-1-thread-1
consume UBxBD pool-1-thread-3
product Tr5q2 size 9 pool-1-thread-2
product HXBdE size 10 pool-1-thread-1
list is full
consume aYDNR pool-1-thread-3
product ukjnk size 10 pool-1-thread-2
list is full
consume LBEdA pool-1-thread-3
product iK28H size 10 pool-1-thread-2
list is full
list is full
可以看到生产者线程有2个,消费者线程有1个,生产和消费的速度相同,用Thread.sleep控制,
生产速度大于消费速度,最后集合元素到10个的时候生产者调用fullCondition.await();
阻塞,只有消费者消费后通过fullCondition.signalAll();
通知生产者继续生产
同理添加消费者线程数,使消费的速度快与生产,则集合为空时会调用emptyCondition.await();
阻塞,生产者生产后回调用emptyCondition.signalAll();
通知消费者继续生产
相较于对象的wait()、notifyAll()方法不同的条件分开判断,颗粒度更小一些,唤醒的线程范围更精准
再看一下ArrayBlockingQueue的一个例子,在一段时间内阻塞获取队列数据,取不到则返回空:
public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == 0) {
if (nanos <= 0)
return null;
//notEmpty 是lock new出来的一个condition
nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
return dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
condition的使用场景还多,下面我们就一起看看condition的实现原理吧,首先condition需要在AbstractQueuedSynchronizer实现类的
condition原理解析
我们知道AQS中维护了一个队列来控制线程的执行,condition中使用了另一个等待队列来实现条件的判断,condition必须在aqs的acquire获取锁后使用,调用condition.await()方法将添加一个node到条件队列中,在调用signal()或signalAll()后将此节点移出condition的等待队列放到锁的等待队列中去竞争锁,取到锁后继续执行后续逻辑。