我们在使用synchronized的时候,如果需要多线程间进行协作工作则需要Object的wait()和notify()、notifyAll()方法进行配合工作。
那么同样,我们在使用Lock的时候,可以使用一个新的等待/通知的类,它就是Condition。这个Condition一定是针对具体某一把锁的。也就是在只有锁的基础之上才会产生Condition。
我们可以通过一个Lock对象产生多个Condition进行多线程间的交互,非常的灵活。可以使得部分需要唤醒的线程唤醒,其他线程则继续等待通知。
/* 单个Condition的应用
* 核心在于condition.await()阻塞等待释放锁和condition.signal()发信号唤醒的应用
*/
public class UseCondition {
//创建一个ReentrantLock锁对象(Condition需要配合着ReentrantLock锁使用)
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//synchronized wait notify
//基于这把锁产生一个condition:作用是对应这把锁的唤醒和阻塞等待操作
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void method1() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"进入等待状态...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"释放锁...");
condition.await();//释放锁,并进入阻塞状态,等待另外一个线程唤醒自己
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"继续执行...");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method2() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"进入...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"唤醒...t1");
condition.signal();//唤醒method1
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
uc.method1();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
uc.method2();
}
},"t2");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1);
t2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
当前线程:t1进入等待状态...
当前线程:t1释放锁...
当前线程:t2进入...
当前线程:t2唤醒...t1
t2...unlock
当前线程:t1继续执行...
t1...unlock
/* 前三个方法都是拿到锁后进入阻塞等待状态,释放锁,等待唤醒;
* method4拿到锁之后执行并且唤醒了condition1.signalAll()条件下所有阻塞的线程
* method5拿到锁之后执行并且唤醒了condition2.signalAll()条件下所有阻塞的线程
* 实际工作中使用ReentrantLock配合Condition更加灵活
*/
public class UseManyCondition {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
public void method1() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"进入方法method1等待...");
condition1.await();//释放锁,并进入阻塞状态,等待另外一个线程唤醒自己
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"方法method1继续执行...");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method2() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"进入方法method2等待...");
condition1.await();
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"方法method2继续...");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method3() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"进入方法method3等待...");
condition2.await();
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"方法method3继续...");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method4() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"唤醒...");
condition1.signalAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method5() {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"唤醒...");
condition2.signalAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...unlock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
final UseManyCondition ucm = new UseManyCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ucm.method1();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ucm.method2();
}
},"t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ucm.method3();
}
},"t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ucm.method4();
}
},"t4");
Thread t5 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ucm.method5();
}
},"t5");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
t4.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
t5.start();
}
}
输出结果:
当前线程:t3进入方法method3等待...
当前线程:t1进入method1等待...
当前线程:t2进入方法method2等待...
当前线程:t4唤醒...
t4...unlock
当前线程:t1方法method1继续执行...
t1...unlock
当前线程:t2方法method2继续...
t2...unlock
当前线程:t5唤醒...
t5...unlock