过滤器模式（Filter）

一、定义

过滤器模式（Filter Pattern）或标准模式（Criteria Pattern）是一种设计模式，这种模式允许开发人员使用不同的标准来过滤一组对象，通过逻辑运算以解耦的方式把它们连接起来。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它结合多个标准来获得单一标准。

二、案例

创建一个类，在该类上应用标准：

package com.wuychn.filter;

public class Person {

    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private String maritalStatus;

    public Person(String name, String gender, String maritalStatus) {
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public String getMaritalStatus() {
        return maritalStatus;
    }
}

为标准（Criteria）创建一个接口：

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.List;

public interface Criteria {
    List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons);
}

创建实现了 Criteria 接口的实体类：

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CriteriaMale implements Criteria {

    @Override
    public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
        List<Person> malePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        for (Person person : persons) {
            if (person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("MALE")) {
                malePersons.add(person);
            }
        }
        return malePersons;
    }
}

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CriteriaFemale implements Criteria {

    @Override
    public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
        List<Person> femalePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        for (Person person : persons) {
            if (person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("FEMALE")) {
                femalePersons.add(person);
            }
        }
        return femalePersons;
    }
}

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CriteriaSingle implements Criteria {

    @Override
    public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
        List<Person> singlePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        for (Person person : persons) {
            if (person.getMaritalStatus().equalsIgnoreCase("SINGLE")) {
                singlePersons.add(person);
            }
        }
        return singlePersons;
    }
}

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.List;

public class AndCriteria implements Criteria {

    private Criteria criteria;
    private Criteria otherCriteria;

    public AndCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
        this.criteria = criteria;
        this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
        List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);
        return otherCriteria.meetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons);
    }
}

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.List;

public class OrCriteria implements Criteria {

    private Criteria criteria;
    private Criteria otherCriteria;

    public OrCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
        this.criteria = criteria;
        this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
        List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);
        List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.meetCriteria(persons);

        for (Person person : otherCriteriaItems) {
            if (!firstCriteriaItems.contains(person)) {
                firstCriteriaItems.add(person);
            }
        }
        return firstCriteriaItems;
    }
}

使用不同的标准（Criteria）和它们的结合来过滤 Person 对象的列表：

package com.wuychn.filter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CriteriaPatternDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();

        persons.add(new Person("Robert", "Male", "Single"));
        persons.add(new Person("John", "Male", "Married"));
        persons.add(new Person("Laura", "Female", "Married"));
        persons.add(new Person("Diana", "Female", "Single"));
        persons.add(new Person("Mike", "Male", "Single"));
        persons.add(new Person("Bobby", "Male", "Single"));

        Criteria male = new CriteriaMale();
        Criteria female = new CriteriaFemale();
        Criteria single = new CriteriaSingle();
        Criteria singleMale = new AndCriteria(single, male);
        Criteria singleOrFemale = new OrCriteria(single, female);

        System.out.println("Males: ");
        printPersons(male.meetCriteria(persons));

        System.out.println("\nFemales: ");
        printPersons(female.meetCriteria(persons));

        System.out.println("\nSingle Males: ");
        printPersons(singleMale.meetCriteria(persons));

        System.out.println("\nSingle Or Females: ");
        printPersons(singleOrFemale.meetCriteria(persons));
    }

    public static void printPersons(List<Person> persons) {
        for (Person person : persons) {
            System.out.println("Person : [ Name : " + person.getName()
                    + ", Gender : " + person.getGender()
                    + ", Marital Status : " + person.getMaritalStatus()
                    + " ]");
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : John, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]

Females: 
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]

Single Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]

Single Or Females: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]