OpenGL进阶(二) - 自定义矩阵加载

opengl里面的平移，旋转，缩放都是基于矩阵的运算，我们可以很方便地通过设定参数的方式调用一些接口函数来实现，同时我们也可以通过自定义的矩阵来实现上述的基本变换。

首先来看一个渲染程序。

GLfloat rtri;                        
GLfloat posX;
GLfloat posY;
GLfloat scale=0.5f;

void renderGL()
{
    // Clear the color and depth buffers. 
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
    // We don't want to modify the projection matrix. */
    glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
    glLoadIdentity( );
    glTranslatef(posX,0.0f,-6.0f);  
    glRotatef(rtri,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);               
    glScalef(scale,scale,scale);
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);                  
        glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);            
        glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);          
        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);            
        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);          
        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);            
        glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);          
    glEnd();                        
    if(posX<3.0f) posX+=0.001f;
    else posX=-3.0f;
    if(scale<2.0f) scale+=0.0005f;
    else scale=0.5f;
    rtri+=0.2f;                                                                                                                   
    SDL_GL_SwapBuffers( );
}

程序很简单，运行的结果就是一个不断旋转+缩放+平移的三角形。

所谓的变换就是于矩阵相乘，下面来看看不同的变换所对应的是什么样的矩阵。

平移变换：

P=[

1,0,0,0,

0,1,0,0,

0,0,1,0,

posX,posY,posZ,1

]

旋转变换（以Y轴为例,a为旋转角度）

Y=[

cos(a),0,-sin(a),0,

0,1,0,0,

sin(a),0,cos(a),0,

0,0,0,1

]

比例变换

S=[

qx,0,0,0,

0,qy,0,0,

0,0,qz,0,

0,0,0,1

]

对于矩阵运算不了解的可以参考《计算机图形》或者DirectX的龙书。

在OpenGL中关于使用自定义矩阵的函数有两个glLoadMatrixf(m)和glMultMatrixf(m).

前者是加载一个矩阵，后者则是将m与当前矩阵相乘。

下面是使用自定义矩阵的程序。

void renderGL()
{
    GLfloat moveMatrix[]=
    {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,           
    0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,          
    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,         
    posX, 0.0f, -6.0f, 1.0f};

    GLfloat scaleMatrix[]=
    {
    scale, 0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,           
    0.0f,scale, 0.0f, 0.0f,          
    0.0f, 0.0f, scale, 0.0f,         
    0.0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f 
    };

    GLfloat rotateYMatrix[]=
    {
    cos(rtri),0.0f,-sin(rtri),0.0f,
    0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
    sin(rtri),0.0f,cos(rtri),0.0f,
    0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f
    };

    // Clear the color and depth buffers. 
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
    // We don't want to modify the projection matrix. */
    glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
    glLoadIdentity();
    glMultMatrixf(moveMatrix); 
    glMultMatrixf(scaleMatrix); 
    glMultMatrixf(rotateYMatrix); 
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);                  
        glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);            
        glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);          
        glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);            
        glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);          
        glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);            
        glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);          
    glEnd();                        
    if(posX<3.0f) posX+=0.001f;
    else posX=-3.0f;
    if(scale<2.0f) scale+=0.0005f;
    else scale=0.5f;
    rtri+=0.002f;                                                                                               
    SDL_GL_SwapBuffers( );
}

得到的效果和前面的程序完全相同。