Docker命令（二）

Docker命令（二）

1. 设置docker中国区官方镜像
   文件路径：/etc/docker/daemon.json，创建或修改此文件写入内容：

   {
     "registry-mirrors": [ "https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
   }
   

   重启docker服务：systemctl restart docker
2. docker基本命令
   （1）docker pull 镜像文件名：拉取镜像文件

   [root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox
   Using default tag: latest
   latest: Pulling from library/busybox
   8e674ad76dce: Pull complete 
   Digest: sha256:c94cf1b87ccb80f2e6414ef913c748b105060debda482058d2b8d0fce39f11b9
   Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
   

   （2）docker images：查看本地镜像

   [root@localhost ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
   busybox             latest              e4db68de4ff2        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
   

   （3）docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

   [root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --name=test_busybox busybox:latest
   72ce5cdac750c2dbc8923baefda93a2f01aca583aa39d2aae318a050cabeb6b5
   

   （4）docker container ls -a：查看本地容器

   [root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   72ce5cdac750        busybox:latest      "sh"                3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            test_busybox
   

   也可以使用命令：docker ps -a，显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。
   （5）docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG…]：在运行的容器中执行命令

   [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 72ce5cdac750 sh
   / # ip a
   1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
       link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
       inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
   4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
       link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
   

   （6）docker stop/start/restart 容器ID：停止容器/启动容器/重启容器

   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   72ce5cdac750        busybox:latest      "sh"                11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes                           test_busybox
   [root@localhost ~]# docker stop 72ce5cdac750
   72ce5cdac750
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
   72ce5cdac750        busybox:latest      "sh"                12 minutes ago      Exited (137) 8 seconds ago                       test_busybox
   [root@localhost ~]# docker start 72ce5cdac750
   72ce5cdac750
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   72ce5cdac750        busybox:latest      "sh"                13 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds                            test_busybox
   

   （7）docker rm 容器ID：删除容器
   在删除容器之前需要先停止容器，不然会报错

   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   72ce5cdac750        busybox:latest      "sh"                11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes                           test_busybox
   [root@localhost ~]# docker rm 72ce5cdac750
   Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 72ce5cdac750c2dbc8923baefda93a2f01aca583aa39d2aae318a050cabeb6b5. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
   [root@localhost ~]# docker stop 72ce5cdac750
   72ce5cdac750
   [root@localhost ~]# docker rm 72ce5cdac750
   72ce5cdac750
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   

   也可以使用命令：docker rm $(docker ps -aq)，一次性删除退出状态的容器；$()里面是一个表达式，就是列举出全部退出（quit）的容器ID
   （8）docker rmi 镜像ID：删除镜像

   [root@localhost ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
   busybox             latest              e4db68de4ff2        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
   [root@localhost ~]# docker rmi e4db68de4ff2
   Untagged: busybox:latest
   Untagged: busybox@sha256:c94cf1b87ccb80f2e6414ef913c748b105060debda482058d2b8d0fce39f11b9
   Deleted: sha256:e4db68de4ff27c2adfea0c54bbb73a61a42f5b667c326de4d7d5b19ab71c6a3b
   Deleted: sha256:6194458b07fcf01f1483d96cd6c34302ffff7f382bb151a6d023c4e80ba3050a
   [root@localhost ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
   

   也可以使用命令：docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)，一次性强制删除镜像；-f意思是通过SIGKILL信号强制删除一个运行中的容器