javaweb 学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-21 11:44:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-21 11:44:55 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq1084517825/article/details/120026413

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javaweb的组成部分

html、css、js
jsp、servlet
java程序
jar包
配置文件

静态web

页面不会变化,没有信息交互,大多数网页主页为静态

动态web

页面会随时间和地点发生变化,实时与数据库进行交互

http协议

超文本传输协议简单的请求响应协议

http端口:80 https端口:443更安全

创建一个简单的web应用程序

新建一个maven下的webapp程序

导入需要的maven中的jar包

<dependencies>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

编写一个java程序(实现servlet)

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class helloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("hello servlet2!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在web.xml中编写注册的servlet和servlet的请求路径

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.huang.servlet.helloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

配置tomcat服务器
运行程序
完成最简单的web程序

ServletContext的应用

数据共享

将一个对象存储在ServletContext中,通过另一个页面进行调用.

简单理解为:一个固定的变量地址,可以动态的存取数据在这个变量里面.

代码:通过setservlet存储数据,getservlet读取数据

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class setServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String name = "小明";
        servletContext.setAttribute("name" , name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class getServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String name = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("name");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字" + name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

获取初始化参数

将参数存储在web.xml中通过ServletContext读取初始化的数据

<context-param>
  <param-name>url</param-name>
  <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy</param-value>
</context-param>

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class geturl extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

请求转发

当访问页面时,页面将第二个页面展现而不显示自己的页面

注意:请求转发时,页面变化但地址不会变化

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class forward extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/geturl").forward(req ,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

读取配置文件

username=root
password=123456

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class getProperties extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().println("username=" + user);
        resp.getWriter().println("password=" + pwd);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

下载文件

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String realpath = "G:\\OneDrive\\程序集\\Java\\javaweb-02-maven\\response\\target\\classes\\1.jpg";
        String fileName = realpath.substring(realpath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(realpath);
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0){
            outputStream.write(buffer , 0, len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

生成验证码

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num; return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重定向

从当前页面跳转到;另一个页面,例如登录页面跳转

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/image");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

获取参数,请求转发

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    爱好:
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="A">A
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="B">B
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="C">C
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="D">D
    <br>
    <input type="submit">
  </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

ntln("----------------------------");
String username = req.getParameter(“username”);
String password = req.getParameter(“password”);
req.getParameterValues(“hobbys”);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(req, resp);
}

}

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javaweb 学习笔记

javaweb的组成部分html、css、jsjsp、servletjava程序jar包配置文件静态web页面不会变化,没有信息交互,大多数网页主页为静态动态web页面会随时间和地点发生变化,实时与数据库进行交互http协议超文本传输协议简单的请求响应协议http端口:80 https端口:443更安全创建一个简单的web应用程序新建一个maven下的webapp程序导入需要的maven中的jar包<dependencies>
复制链接

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