新建项目,spring_ioc_anna
1.Spring配置数据源
1.1 数据源(连接池)的作用
数据源(连接池)是提高程序性能如出现的
事先实例化数据源,初始化部分连接资源
使用连接资源时从数据源中获取
使用完毕后将连接资源归还给数据源
常见的数据源(连接池):DBCP、C3P0、BoneCP、Druid等
开发步骤
①导入数据源的坐标和数据库驱动坐标
②创建数据源对象
③设置数据源的基本连接数据
④使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源
1.2 数据源的手动创建
①导入c3p0和druid的坐标
<!-- C3P0连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Druid连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
①导入mysql数据库驱动坐标
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.39</version>
</dependency>
②创建C3P0连接池
@Test
public void testC3P0() throws Exception {
//创建数据源
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//设置数据库连接参数
dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
dataSource.setUser("root");
dataSource.setPassword("root");
//获得连接对象
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
②创建Druid连接池
@Test
public void testDruid() throws Exception {
//创建数据源
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
//设置数据库连接参数
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("root");
//获得连接对象
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
③提取jdbc.properties配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///travel?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username:root
jdbc.password:123456
④读取jdbc.properties配置文件创建连接池
@Test
public void testC3P0ByProperties() throws Exception {
//加载类路径下的jdbc.properties
ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(rb.getString("jdbc.driver"));
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(rb.getString("jdbc.url"));
dataSource.setUser(rb.getString("jdbc.username"));
dataSource.setPassword(rb.getString("jdbc.password"));
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
1.3 Spring配置数据源
可以将DataSource的创建权交由Spring容器去完成
DataSource有无参构造方法,而Spring默认就是通过无参构造方法实例化对象的
DataSource要想使用需要通过set方法设置数据库连接信息,而Spring可以通过set方法进行字符串注入
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
测试从容器当中获取数据源
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)
applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
1.4 抽取jdbc配置文件
applicationContext.xml加载jdbc.properties配置文件获得连接信息。
首先,需要引入context命名空间和约束路径:
命名空间:xmlns:context="Index of /schema/context"
约束路径:Index of /schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
1.5 知识要点
Spring容器加载properties文件
<context:property-placeholder location="xx.properties"/>
<property name="" value="${key}"/>
2. Spring注解开发
2.1 Spring原始注解
Spring是轻代码而重配置的框架,配置比较繁重,影响开发效率,所以注解开发是一种趋势,注解代替xml配置文件可以简化配置,提高开发效率。
Spring原始注解主要是替代<Bean>的配置
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@Component | 使用在类上用于实例化Bean |
@Controller | 使用在web层类上用于实例化Bean |
@Service | 使用在service层类上用于实例化Bean |
@Repository | 使用在dao层类上用于实例化Bean |
@Autowired | 使用在字段上用于根据类型依赖注入 |
@Qualifier | 结合@Autowired一起使用用于根据名称进行依赖注入 |
@Resource | 相当于@Autowired+@Qualifier,按照名称进行注入 |
@Value | 注入普通属性 |
@Scope | 标注Bean的作用范围 |
@PostConstruct | 使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的初始化方法 |
@PreDestroy | 使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的销毁方法 |
注意:
使用注解进行开发时,需要在applicationContext.xml中配置组件扫描,作用是指定哪个包及其子包下的Bean需要进行扫描以便识别使用注解配置的类、字段和方法。
<!--注解的组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
使用@Compont或@Repository标识UserDaoImpl需要Spring进行实例化。
//@Component("userDao")
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println("save running... ...");
}
}
使用@Compont或@Service标识UserServiceImpl需要Spring进行实例化
使用@Autowired或者@Autowired+@Qulifier或者@Resource进行userDao的注入
//@Component("userService")
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
/*@Autowired
@Qualifier("userDao")*/
@Resource(name="userDao")
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void save() {
userDao.save();
}
}
使用@Value进行字符串的注入
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Value("注入普通数据")
private String str;
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println(str);
System.out.println(driver);
System.out.println("save running... ...");
}
}
使用@Scope标注Bean的范围
//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
//此处省略代码
}
使用@PostConstruct标注初始化方法,使用@PreDestroy标注销毁方法
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println("初始化方法....");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("销毁方法.....");
}
2.2 Spring新注解
使用上面的注解还不能全部替代xml配置文件,还需要使用注解替代的配置如下:
非自定义的Bean的配置:<bean>
加载properties文件的配置:context:property-placeholder
组件扫描的配置:context:component-scan
引入其他文件:<import>
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@Configuration | 用于指定当前类是一个 Spring 配置类,当创建容器时会从该类上加载注解 |
@ComponentScan | 用于指定 Spring 在初始化容器时要扫描的包。 作用和在 Spring 的 xml 配置文件中的 <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"/>一样 |
@Bean | 使用在方法上,标注将该方法的返回值存储到 Spring 容器中 |
@PropertySource | 用于加载.properties 文件中的配置 |
@Import | 用于导入其他配置类 |
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@Import
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {
}
@PropertySource
@value
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean
@Bean(name="dataSource")
public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
测试加载核心配置类创建Spring容器
@Test
public void testAnnoConfiguration() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class); UserService userService = (UserService)
applicationContext.getBean("userService");
userService.save();
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)
applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
3. Spring整合Junit
3.1 原始Junit测试Spring的问题
在测试类中,每个测试方法都有以下两行代码:
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);
这两行代码的作用是获取容器,如果不写的话,直接会提示空指针异常。所以又不能轻易删掉。
3.2 上述问题解决思路
让SpringJunit负责创建Spring容器,但是需要将配置文件的名称告诉它
将需要进行测试Bean直接在测试类中进行注入
3.3 Spring集成Junit步骤
①导入spring集成Junit的坐标
②使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
③使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类
④使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象
⑤创建测试方法进行测试
3.4 Spring集成Junit代码实现
①导入spring集成Junit的坐标
<!--此处需要注意的是,spring5 及以上版本要求 junit 的版本必须是 4.12 及以上-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
②使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class SpringJunitTest {
}
③使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//加载spring核心配置文件
//@ContextConfiguration(value = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
//加载spring核心配置类
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class})
public class SpringJunitTest {
}
④使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class})
public class SpringJunitTest {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
}
⑤创建测试方法进行测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class})public class SpringJunitTest {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void testUserService(){
userService.save();
}
}
Spring集成Junit步骤
①导入spring集成Junit的坐标
②使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
③使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类
④使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象
⑤创建测试方法进行测试
代码案例
applicationContext.html Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入context,加载外部的properties文件-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--加载外部的properties文件
classpath:类加载路劲 resources-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSouce" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!--Spring的EL表达式:Spring表达式:spel:${} 写入key获得value-->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--<bean id="dataSouce" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///travel?serverTimezone=UTC"/>
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>-->
<!--注解注入,必须先配置组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.java"/>
</beans>
pop.xml maven导包配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.java</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_ioc_anno</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>6.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>6.0.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Dao实现类
package com.java.dao.impl;
import com.java.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
// <bean id="userDao" class="com.java.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
//@Component("userDao")
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println("save running...");
}
}
Service实现类
package com.java.service.impl;
import com.java.dao.UserDao;
import com.java.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.core.io.InputStreamSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
// <bean id="userService" class="com.java.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
//
// </bean>
//@Component("userService")
@Service("userService")
//@Scope("prototype")//多个bean
@Scope("singleton")//一个bean
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
//<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
@Autowired
//按照数据类型从Spring容器中进行匹配,如果有多个,则匹配不到 ,一个时Qualifier也可以省略
@Qualifier("userDao") //按照id值从容器中进行匹配的,当是此处Qualifier要结合Autowired一起使用
// @Resource(name="userDao")//@Resource相当于@Qualifier+@Autowired //用不了
private UserDao userDao;
//注解可以省略set,通过反射赋值
// public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
// this.userDao = userDao;
// }
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println(driver);
userDao.save();
}
// @PostConstruct //用不了
public void init() {
System.out.println("Service 对象的初始化方法");
}
// @PreDestroy //用不了
public void destory() {
System.out.println("Service 对象的销毁方法");
}
}
Test类,测试Spring的xml配置
package com.java.test;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DataSources;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class DataSourceTest {
@Test
//测试手动创建 Spring 容器产生数据源对象(加载properties配置文件)
public void test4() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = app.getBean(DataSource.class);
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
@Test
//测试手动创建 c3p0 数据源(加载properties配置文件)
public void test3() throws Exception {
//读取配置文件
//内加载路劲,在resources目录下
ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
String driver = rb.getString("jdbc.driver");
String url = rb.getString("jdbc.url");
String username = rb.getString("jdbc.username");
String password = rb.getString("jdbc.password");
//创建数据源对象 设置连接参数
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
@Test
//测试手动创建 druid 数据源
public void test2() throws Exception {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql:///travel?serverTimezone=UTC");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
@Test
//测试手动创建 c3p0 数据源
public void test1() throws Exception {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql:///travel?serverTimezone=UTC");
dataSource.setUser("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
}
Test类,测试注解配置
package com.java.test;
import com.java.config.SpringConfiguration;
import com.java.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class})
public class SpringJunitTest {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Test
public void test1() throws SQLException {
userService.save();
System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
};
}
注解配置核心配置类
package com.java.config;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
//标志该类是Spring的核心配置类
@Configuration
/*<!--注解注入,必须先配置组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.java"/>*/
@ComponentScan("com.java")
// <import resource="applicationContext-xxx.xml"/>
@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {
}
注解数据源配置
package com.java.config;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
//<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean("dataSource") //Spring会将当前方法的返回值以指定名称存储到Spring容器中
public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
}