AsyncTast相当于封装了Thread和Handler,它可以在线程池中执行后台任务,然后把执行结果和进度传递回主线程并在主线程更新UI。使用如下:
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
MyAsyncTask asyncTask = new MyAsyncTask();
asyncTask.execute("www.baidu.com","www.baidu.com");
}
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,String>{
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
Log.d(">>>>>>>>", "onPreExecute: 开始执行了");
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
int timer = 0;
for (int i = 0;i<5;i++){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
publishProgress(timer++);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return params[0];
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
SimpleDateFormat sDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
Log.d(">>>>>>>>>", "onProgressUpdate: "+sDateFormat.format(new Date())+"休眠1秒传回的值:"+values[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
super.onPostExecute(s);
Log.d(">>>>>>>>", "onPostExecute结果: "+s);
}
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
super.onCancelled();
Log.d(">>>>>>>>>", "onCancelled: called");
}
}
}
执行结果:
04-17 10:55:42.913 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>>: onProgressUpdate: 2017-04-17 10:55:42休眠1秒传回的值:0
04-17 10:55:43.913 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>>: onProgressUpdate: 2017-04-17 10:55:43休眠1秒传回的值:1
04-17 10:55:41.908 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>: onPreExecute: 开始执行了
04-17 10:55:44.908 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>>: onProgressUpdate: 2017-04-17 10:55:44休眠1秒传回的值:2
04-17 10:55:45.913 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>>: onProgressUpdate: 2017-04-17 10:55:45休眠1秒传回的值:3
04-17 10:55:46.913 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>>: onProgressUpdate: 2017-04-17 10:55:46休眠1秒传回的值:4
04-17 10:55:46.913 13451-13451/com.example.androidtext D/>>>>>>>>: onPostExecute结果: www.baidu.com
由上可以看出,AsyncTast提供了三个泛型参数:1-Params表示参数的类型,2-Progress表示后台任务进度类型,3-Result表示后天类型结果返回的类型。(如果没有指定参数,可以用Void代替) 5个核心方法:1-onPreExecute()在主线程中调用,在异步线程开始前调用,比如显示网络请求的进度条; 2-doInBackground(String… params)在线程池中执行,用于执行后台任务,其中String为三个泛型参数的Params,在这个方法中可以调用;publishProgress(timer++)方法,给onProgressUpdate(Integer… values)传递进度数据;3-onProgressUpdate(Integer… values)在主线程中执行,其中Integer… values为三个泛型参数的Progress,一般用于进度显示,比如下载数据的进度条;4-onPostExecute(String s)在主线程中调用,一般是doInBackground方法执行完成后返回的结果,其中String s就是三个泛型参数中的Result参数;5-onCancelled()在主线程中调用,用于取消的异步任务。此时就不会调用onPostExecute方法了。
调用AsyncTast的execute方法开始异步任务。其中使用AsyncTast还有几点需要注意:1-AsyncTast的对象必须在主线程中创建;2-execute方法用而不需在主线程UI线程调用;3-一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次,就是只能调用一次execute方法;4-在3.0之后AsyncTask调用execute方法是串行的,可以调用executeOnExecutor实现并行。
AsyncTast的原理分析
首先从execute方法入手:
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
从上面可见调用AsyncTask的execute方法最终还是会调用executeOnExecutor方法,在顶用executeOnExecutor这个方法传入的是一个默认的串行线程池,在executeOnExecutor方法中首先调用的是onPreExecute()方法;
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
从上可以看出是AsyncTask是串行的,其中在AsyncTask的构造器中会初始化WorkerRunnable和FutureTask,吧传入的Params值附给WorkerRunnable的mParams,FutureTask是一个并发类,充当Runnble的作用,之后就会交给SerialExecutor 的execute处理。处理结果会回调会WorkerRunnable的call()方法,
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
可以看出在执行SerialExecutor 的execute方法时候,会调用FutureTask的run()方法,由此而触发WorkerRunnable的call()方法,在call()方法里面调用AsyncTask的doInBackground(mParams)方法,所以doInBackground方法是在线程池中执行的,执行完doInBackground方法返回值后又走postResult(result)方法切换到主线程:
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
private static Handler getHandler() {
synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
sHandler = new InternalHandler();
}
return sHandler;
}
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
上面的创建一个Handler(InternalHandler )实列,InternalHandler 用Looper.getMainLooper()的方法创建了一个主线程的Hander实列。后把结果封装到AsyncTaskResult类里面,Handler切换回主线程,调用AsyncTask的onPostExecute()方法,所以onPostExecute执行在主线程。AsyncTask的使用以及部分源码的说明。