多线程任务Callable与Future或FutureTask的使用

  在进行多线程任务时，我们可以使用Thread、Runnable已经java5以后新增的concurrent包内的Callable，Runable跟Thread的用法就不说了，这里要说的是使用Runnable时，如何获取结果以及抛出的异常，这样子很难定位在执行多线程任务时的程序异常。这里推荐使用Callable和Future或者FutureTask配合，获取结果。


简单的使用代码

//Callable实现类

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * 
 * @author PYY
 *
 */
public class CounterThread implements Callable<Integer> {

	private CountDownLatch countDownSign;
	
	private String name;

	public CountDownLatch getCountDownSign() {
		return countDownSign;
	}

	public void setCountDownSign(CountDownLatch countDownSign) {
		this.countDownSign = countDownSign;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public CounterThread(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public Integer call() throws Exception {
		int result = 0;
		try {
			System.out.println(name + "正在执行中，准备运算");
			result = 3 / (int) (Math.random() * 3);
		} catch(Exception e) {
			System.out.println(name + "执行异常");
		} finally {
			countDownSign.countDown();
		}
		return result;
	}

}

1 使用future接口获取

<pre name="code" class="java">ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CounterThread counter = new CounterThread("线程" + i);
Future<?> future = service.submit(counter);
service.shutdown();
try {
    //睡眠，等待子线程执行完成
    Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
System.out.println("查看运行结果：" + future.get());

2 使用FutureTask类

ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CounterThread counter = new CounterThread("线程" + i);
FutureTask<Integer> task = new FutureTask<Integer>()
service.submit(task);
service.shutdown();
try {
    //睡眠，等待子线程执行完成
    Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
System.out.println("查看运行结果：" + task.get());

但是在使用多线程时，不可能只使用一个线程，有时我们希望在所有的线程都进行完成后再统一获取结果，这时我们需要一个线程计数器，这里推荐CountDownLatch,不废话，直接上代码

		List<Future<?>> taskList = new ArrayList<Future<?>>();
		CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(30);
		try {
			for(int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
				ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
				CounterThread counter = new CounterThread("线程" + i);
				counter.setCountDownSign(latch);
				Future<?> future = service.submit(counter);
				taskList.add(future);
				service.shutdown();
			}
			//等待线程执行完成，计数器减到0
			latch.await();
			System.out.println("主线程执行完毕，查询子线程结果");
			for(Future<?> task : taskList) {
				System.out.println("查看" + task.isDone() + "运行结果：" + task.get());
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("异常了");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	

更多学习  Callable、Future和FutureTask的内容，参考这篇博文

CountDownLatch文章移步这里