四、HaDOOP(HDFS)-02

四、HaDOOP(HDFS)-02

HDFS之shell操作

1、基础语法

bin/hadoop fs 具体命令
bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令

2、命令大全

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
 [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
 [-checksum <src> ...]
 [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
 [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
 [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
 [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
 [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... 
<localdst>]
 [-count [-q] <path> ...]
 [-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
 [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
 [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
 [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
 [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
 [-expunge]
 [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
 [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
 [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
 [-help [cmd ...]]
 [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
 [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
 [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
 [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
 [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
 [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
 [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
 [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
 [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
 [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--
set <acl_spec> <path>]]
 [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
 [-stat [format] <path> ...]
 [-tail [-f] <file>]
 [-test -[defsz] <path>]
 [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
 [-touchz <path> ...]
 [-usage [cmd ...]]

3、常用命令操作

(0) 启动Hadoop集群

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[lyinl@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

(1) -help:输出这个命令参数

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -help rm

(2) -ls:显示目录信息

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /

(3) -mkdir:在HDFS 上创建目录

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /lyinl/test

(4) -moveFromLocal:从本地剪切到HDFS

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./test.txt   /lyinl/test

(5) -appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ touch test.txt
[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ vi test.txt
输入
Hadoop HDFS
[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile  ./test.txt   /lyinl/test/test.txt

(6) -cat:显示文件内容

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -cat  /lyinl/test/test.txt

(7) -chgrp、-chmod、-chown：Linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /lyinl/test/test.txt
[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chown lyinl:lyinl /lyinl/test/test.txt

(8) -copFromLocal：从本地文件系统拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./test2  /lyinl/test/

(9) -copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /lyinl/test/test.txt  ./

(10) -cp：从 HDFS 的一个路径拷贝到 HDFS 的另一个路径

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /lyinl/test/test.txt  /data/

(11) -mv：在 HDFS 目录中移动文件

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /lyinl/test/test.txt  /data/

(12) -get：等同于 copyToLocal，就是从 HDFS 下载文件到本地

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -get  /lyinl/test/test.txt  ./

(13) -getmerge：合并下载多个文件

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$  hadoop fs -getmerge /lyinl/test/*  ./

(14) -put：等同于 copyFromLocal

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$  hadoop fs -put ./test.txt   /lyinl/test/

(15) -tail：显示一个文件的末尾

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -tail  /lyinl/test/test.txt

(16) -rm：删除文件或文件夹

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -rm    /lyinl/test/test.txt

(17) -rmdir：删除空目录

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$  hadoop fs -rmdir /data1

(18) -du 统计文件夹的大小信息

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /lyinl/test
2.9 k  /lyinl/test

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -du  -h /lyinl/test
1.4 k  /lyinl/test/test1.txt
1.5 k  /lyinl/test/test2.txt

(19) -setrep：设置HDFS文件的副本数量

[lyinl@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /lyinl/test/test1.txt

注意：这里设置的副本数只是记录在 NameNode 的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看 DataNode 的数量。因为目前只有 3 台设备，最多也就 3 个副本，只有节点数的增加到 10台时，副本数才能达到 10。