c/c++基础篇--------------------------数据类型与变量类型

c/c++数据类型与变量类型

1.在c/c++中主要的数据类型有字符型、宽字符型、整型、浮点型、双浮点型、布尔型等.

类型	关键字
布尔型	bool
字符型	char
整型	int
浮点型	float
双浮点型	double
无类型	void
宽字符型	wchar_t

其中的一些可用一个或多个类型修饰符来进行修饰：

如:

• signed
• unsigned
• short
• long

2.各个类型所占的内存为

类型	位	范围
char	1 个字节	-128 到 127 或者 0 到 255
unsigned char	1 个字节	0 到 255
signed char	1 个字节	-128 到 127
int	4 个字节	-2147483648 到 2147483647
unsigned int	4 个字节	0 到 4294967295
signed int	4 个字节	-2147483648 到 2147483647
short int	2 个字节	-32768 到 32767
unsigned short int	2 个字节	0 到 65,535
signed short int	2 个字节	-32768 到 32767
long int	8 个字节	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
signed long int	8 个字节	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
unsigned long int	8 个字节	0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
float	4 个字节	+/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 个数字)
double	8 个字节	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 个数字)
long double	16 个字节	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 个数字)
wchar_t	2 或 4 个字节	1 个宽字符

3.可用此代码查询

#include<iostream>  
#include<string>  
#include <limits>  
using namespace std;  
  
int main()  
{  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;  
    // << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    return 0;  
}