网络报文消息数据收发
前言
在上一篇中Socket网络通信基础（二）：结构化的网络消息数据收发
我们将消息收发优化成结构化的网络消息
接下来，我们将使用网络报文来进行消息的收发
- 本文优化内容
- 使用网络报文来进行消息收发
- 统一server和client的消息结构
一、网络数据报文格式
1、为什么要使用网络报文
在消息交互时使用字符串不安全，且比较麻烦不好处理
2、网络数据报文的格式定义
- 报文有两个部分，包头和包体，是网络消息的基本单元
- 包头：描述本次消息包的大小，描述数据的作用
- 包体：数据
//消息头
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;//数据长度
short cmd;//命令
};
二、优化内容
1、增加枚举定义：登录、登录结果、登出、登出结果、错误
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_ERROR
};
2、消息头定义
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;//数据长度
short cmd;//命令
};
3、消息定义：登录、登录结果、登出、登出结果
struct Login :public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char passWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader
{
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct Logout :public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader
{
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
4、server中循环处理消息
while (true)
{
char szRecv[1024] = {};
int nLen = recv(sock_client, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("客户端已退出，任务结束。\n");
break;
}
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN:
{
recv(sock_client, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Login* login = (Login*)szRecv;
printf("收到命令：CMD_LOGIN 数据长度：%d userName=%s passWord=%s\n", login->dataLength, login->userName, login->passWord);
LoginResult ret;
send(sock_client, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
recv(sock_client, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Logout* logout = (Logout*)szRecv;
printf("收到命令：CMD_LOOUT 数据长度：%d userName=%s\n", logout->dataLength, logout->userName);
//忽略判断用户密码是否正确的过程
LogoutResult ret;
send(sock_client, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LogoutResult), 0);
}
break;
default:
{
DataHeader header = { 0,CMD_ERROR };
send(sock_client, (char*)&header, sizeof(header), 0);
}
break;
}
}
5、client中消息的处理
while (true)
{
char cmdBuf[128] = {};
scanf("%s", cmdBuf);
if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "exit"))
{
printf("收到exit命令，任务结束。\n");
break;
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "login"))
{
Login login;
strcpy(login.userName, "lyd");
strcpy(login.passWord, "lydmima");
send(sock_client, (const char*)&login, sizeof(login), 0);
LoginResult loginRet = {};
recv(sock_client, (char*)&loginRet, sizeof(loginRet), 0);
printf("LoginResult： %d \n", loginRet.result);
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "logout"))
{
Logout logout;
strcpy(logout.userName, "lyd");
send(sock_client, (const char*)&logout, sizeof(logout), 0);
LogoutResult logoutRet = {};
recv(sock_client, (char*)&logoutRet, sizeof(logoutRet), 0);
printf("LogoutResult： %d \n", logoutRet.result);
}
else
{
printf("不支持的命令，请重新输入。\n");
}
}
三、关于数据包的拆分与合并等问题
在网络传输中会经常遇到网络数据包的拆包与黏包的问题
- 在服务端中我们需要先获取客户端发送的信息的类型（login的还是logout的）
- 因此我们可以将客户端发送的数据所有存放到一个缓冲区中
- 然后从中获取其DataHeader部分，然后判断信息的类型
- 再进一步获取数据包的实体部分，从实体部分获取更多详细的信息
四、关于server中消息接收的长度
- 首先：
int nLen = recv(sock_client, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);server从缓冲区接收了DataHeader长度的消息 - 这时候只是为了取出DataHeader中的cmd命令类型
- 然后根据不同的命令类型
recv(sock_client, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0); - 以login消息举例：szRecv是指向缓冲区的指针
- 第一次recv已经接收了DataHeader的长度
- 第二次recv则需要从szRecv+sizeof(DataHeader)开始接收
- 第二次接收的长度就是总的header->dataLength再减去sizeof(DataHeader)的长度
五、测试结果
六、完整源码
1、服务端server.cpp
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_ERROR
};
//消息头
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;//数据长度
short cmd;//命令
};
struct Login :public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char passWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader
{
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct Logout :public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader
{
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
int main()
{
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
SOCKET sock_server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == sock_server)
{
printf("socket 创建失败\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;// INADDR_ANY：这个代表本机的地址都可以访问，如IPV4,IPV6
//_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");// 指定地址的绑定
if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(sock_server, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin)))
{
printf("ERROR，绑定网络端口失败...\n");
closesocket(sock_server);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
else
{
printf("绑定网络端口成功...\n");
}
if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(sock_server, 5))
{
printf("ERROR，监听网络端口失败...\n");
closesocket(sock_server);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
else
{
printf("监听网络端口成功...\n");
}
sockaddr_in clientAddr = {};
int nAddrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
SOCKET sock_client = INVALID_SOCKET;
sock_client = accept(sock_server, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == sock_client)
{
printf("错误，接受到无效客户端SOCKET...\n");
closesocket(sock_server);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
printf("新客户端加入：socket = %d, IP = %s \n", (int)sock_client, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr));
while (true)
{
char szRecv[1024] = {};
int nLen = recv(sock_client, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("客户端已退出，任务结束。\n");
break;
}
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN:
{
recv(sock_client, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Login* login = (Login*)szRecv;
printf("收到命令：CMD_LOGIN 数据长度：%d userName=%s passWord=%s\n", login->dataLength, login->userName, login->passWord);
LoginResult ret;
send(sock_client, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
recv(sock_client, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Logout* logout = (Logout*)szRecv;
printf("收到命令：CMD_LOOUT 数据长度：%d userName=%s\n", logout->dataLength, logout->userName);
//忽略判断用户密码是否正确的过程
LogoutResult ret;
send(sock_client, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LogoutResult), 0);
}
break;
default:
{
DataHeader header = { 0,CMD_ERROR };
send(sock_client, (char*)&header, sizeof(header), 0);
}
break;
}
}
closesocket(sock_server);
WSACleanup();
printf("已退出，任务结束。\n");
getchar();
return 0;
}
2、客户端client.cpp
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_ERROR
};
//消息头
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;//数据长度
short cmd;//命令
};
struct Login :public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char passWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader
{
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct Logout :public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader
{
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
int main()
{
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
SOCKET sock_client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == sock_client)
{
printf("socket 创建失败\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
int ret = connect(sock_client, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("错误，连接服务器失败...\n");
closesocket(sock_client);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
else
{
printf("连接服务器成功...\n");
}
while (true)
{
char cmdBuf[128] = {};
scanf("%s", cmdBuf);
if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "exit"))
{
printf("收到exit命令，任务结束。\n");
break;
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "login"))
{
Login login;
strcpy(login.userName, "lyd");
strcpy(login.passWord, "lydmima");
send(sock_client, (const char*)&login, sizeof(login), 0);
LoginResult loginRet = {};
recv(sock_client, (char*)&loginRet, sizeof(loginRet), 0);
printf("LoginResult： %d \n", loginRet.result);
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "logout"))
{
Logout logout;
strcpy(logout.userName, "lyd");
send(sock_client, (const char*)&logout, sizeof(logout), 0);
LogoutResult logoutRet = {};
recv(sock_client, (char*)&logoutRet, sizeof(logoutRet), 0);
printf("LogoutResult： %d \n", logoutRet.result);
}
else
{
printf("不支持的命令，请重新输入。\n");
}
}
closesocket(sock_client);
WSACleanup();
printf("已退出，任务结束。\n");
getchar();
return 0;
}
372
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
