Javaweb ServletContext的使用

1.ServletContext的定义

1.1 ServletContext 是一个接口,表示Servlet 上下文对象

1.2 一个web工程,只有一个ServletContext对象实例

1.3 ServletContext对象是一个域对象

什么是域对象?

• 域对象,是可以像 Map一样存取数据的对象
• 这里的域指的的存取数据的操作范围
  

1.4 ServletContext是在web工程部署启动的时候创建;在web工程停止的时候销毁

2. ServletContext的4个作用

获取 web.xml 中配置的上下文参数 context-param

获取当前的工程路径,格式为: /工程路径

获取工程部署在服务器端硬盘的绝对路径

像 Map一样存取数据

举例如下

Servlet实现类

package com.lchh.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ServletContextTest extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.doGet(req, resp);
		// 获取上下文参数
		ServletContext servletContext = getServletConfig().getServletContext();
		String imageUrl = servletContext.getInitParameter("imageUrl");
		System.out.println("imageUrl="+imageUrl);
		String web_desc = servletContext.getInitParameter("web_desc");
		System.out.println("web_desc="+web_desc);
		
		// 获取工程路径
		String contextPath = servletContext.getContextPath();
		System.out.println("contextPath="+contextPath);
		
		// 获取服务器端的项目绝对路径
		String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/");
		System.out.println("realPath="+realPath);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.doPost(req, resp);
	}
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>servlet_01</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <!-- context-param 配置的上下文参数属于整个web工程 -->
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>imageUrl</param-name>
  	<param-value>www.baidu.com/image</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- context-param 配置的上下文参数属于整个web工程 --> 
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>web_desc</param-name>
  	<param-value>这个网站是一个测试网站</param-value>
  </context-param>
  
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>ServletContextTest</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>com.lchh.servlet.ServletContextTest</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>ServletContextTest</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/servletContext</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app>

测试结果