Linux-Postfix+Dovecot+Postfixadmin+Roundcubemail 搭建邮件服务器管理系统（二）

安装配置Postfix

1 、安装

• 验证是否支持 cyrus dovecot 功能

[root@mail ~]# postconf -a 
cyrus
dovecot

若postfix已安装好，则会支持这两个功能，若不支持，表示postfix未安装好；CentOS 7开始默认系统自带postfix

# 安装postfix
yum -y install postfix
# 安装完成还需要替换系统自带的sendmail：
rpm -e sendmail  或 yum remove sendmail
# 修改MTA（默认邮件传输代理）
alternatives --config mta  # 然后直接回车即可。
# 检查一下是不是已经设置成功了。
alternatives --display mta  #第一行可以看到mta的状态。 例如：mat - status is manual.

• 开启postfix服务并添加到系统自启

[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart postfix
[root@mail ~]# systemctl  enable  postfix
[root@mail ~]# systemctl status postfix
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-15 10:00:45 CST; 5s ago
  Process: 2097 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2110 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2108 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2106 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2182 (master)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
           ├─2182 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
           ├─2183 pickup -l -t unix -u
           └─2184 qmgr -l -t unix -u

Jan 15 10:00:45 mail systemd[1]: Stopped Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
Jan 15 10:00:45 mail systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
Jan 15 10:00:45 mail postfix/master[2182]: daemon started -- version 2.10.1, configuration /etc/postfix
Jan 15 10:00:45 mail systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

2、 配置/etc/postfix/main.cf（注意每次配置完需重启服务才能生效，新手易犯问题）

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
# 修改内容：
# 75行: 取消注释，设置hostname 邮局系统的主机名
myhostname = mail.abc.com 
# 83行: 取消注释，设置域名  邮局系统的域名 
mydomain = abc.com 
# 99行: 取消注释  从本机发出邮件的域名名称
myorigin = $mydomain 
# 116行: 默认是localhost，我们需要修改成all 监听的网卡接口
inet_interfaces = all 
# 119行: 推荐ipv4，如果支持ipv6，则可以为all 
inet_protocols = ipv4 
# 164行: 添加  可接收邮件的主机名或域名
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain 
# 264行: 取消注释，指定内网和本地的IP地址范围  设置可转发哪些主机的邮件
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 
# 419行: 取消注释，邮件保存目录
 home_mailbox = Maildir/ 
# 571行: 添加 
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP 
# 添加到最后 
# 规定邮件最大尺寸为10M 
message_size_limit = 10485760 
# 规定收件箱最大容量为1G 
mailbox_size_limit = 1073741824 
# SMTP认证 
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot 
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth 
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous 
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname 
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject 

• 检查语法错误（与named-check用法一样）

postfix check 

• 查看postfix的非默认并已生效配置

[root@mail ~]#  postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
home_mailbox = Maildir/
html_directory = no
inet_protocols = all
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain
mydomain = auto.com
myhostname = mail.auto.com
mynetworks = 127.0.0.1
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550

3、验证测试

• 添加电子邮箱账号

-------------增加邮件测试帐号--------------
[root@mail ~]# groupadd mailusers //创建组给测试帐号
[root@mail ~]# useradd -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin user01 // 创建user01帐户只属于mailusers组并不能登录系统，用于测试邮件
[root@mail ~]# passwd user01 //创建user01密码,使用test1234
[root@mail ~]# useradd -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin user02
[root@mail ~]# passwd user02

• 使用 telnet 测试发信（user01给user02）

[root@mail ~]#  telnet mail.auto.com 25   //  连接邮件服务器的25端口
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to mail.auto.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.auto.com ESMTP Postfix
helo localhost                                       //  宣告客户端的主机地址
250 mail.auto.com
mail from:user01@auto.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:user02@auto.com
250 2.1.5 Ok
data   									    	 //  表示要开始写邮件内容了
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject: my test mail 1.  			   //  指定邮件标题
         my first mial document...
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2D37565968E
quit  									  //  断开telnet连接
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

• 验证收件

[root@mail ~]# ls /home/user02/Maildir/new/
1579055447.V803Ie5d1f4M449562.mail
[root@mail ~]# cat /home/user02/Maildir/new/1579055447.V803Ie5d1f4M449562.mail 
Return-Path: <user01@auto.com>
X-Original-To: user02@auto.com
Delivered-To: user02@auto.com
Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by mail.auto.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2D37565968E
	for <user02@auto.com>; Wed, 15 Jan 2020 10:30:01 +0800 (CST)
Subject: my test mail 1.
         my first mial document...
Message-Id: <20200115023012.2D37565968E@mail.auto.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 10:30:01 +0800 (CST)
From: user01@auto.com

Linux-Postfix+Dovecot+Postfixadmin+Roundcubemail 搭建邮件服务器管理系统（三）