centos7安装Docker 并更换阿里源下载解决docker镜像下载慢问题

一、安装Docker

1. 把yum包更新到最新

   [root@localhost ~]# yum update
   

2. 安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的

    yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
   

3. 设置yum源

   yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
   

4. 查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装

   yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
   

5. 安装Docker，命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号，我选的是18.06.3.ce，如下

   yum install docker-ce-18.06.3.ce
   

6. 启动Docker，命令：systemctl start docker，然后加入开机启动，如下

   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
   

7. 验证安装是否成功(有client和service两部分表示docker安装启动都成功了)

   [root@localhost ~]# docker version 
   Client:
    Version:    18.06.3-ce
    API version:    1.35
    Go version:    go1.9.4
    Git commit:    7390fc6
    Built:    Tue Feb 27 22:15:20 2018
    OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
   
   Server:
    Engine:
     Version:    18.06.3-ce
     API version:    1.35 (minimum version 1.12)
     Go version:    go1.9.4
     Git commit:    7390fc6
     Built:    Tue Feb 27 22:17:54 2018
     OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
     Experimental:    false
   

二、修改下载镜像源为阿里云

1. 配置加速器

以配置阿里云加速器为例，首先 登录阿里云（没有账号请先注册），搜索 容器镜像服务
路径 ：镜像中心 - 镜像加速器 - 加速器地址 ， 加速器地址示例：https:/xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com

2. 通过修改 daemon 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 来使用加速器

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
# 重启 Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

3.验证是否成功

docker info
# 输出如下
Containers: 38
 Running: 18
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 20
Images: 10
Server Version: 18.06.3
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 apparmor
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-51-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.924GiB
Name: kubernetes-master
ID: PJ4H:7AF2:P5UT:6FMR:W4DI:SSWR:IQQR:J6QO:ARES:BOAC:ZVMO:SV2Y
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
## 这里是你配置的镜像加速器
Registry Mirrors:
 https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
WARNING: No swap limit support

如果 Registry Mirrors 为你配置的阿里云镜像地址，即代表你配置成功。
至此，Docker 安装和配置阿里云镜像加速器完毕。