【一天一篇CPP】重载运算符的实例

1.重载双目运算符

未重载版本

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class String{
public: 
	String() { p = NULL; }
	String(char *str) { p = str; }
	void display() { cout << p<< endl;}
private:
	char *p;
};


int main()
{
	String str1("Hello"),str2("Book");
	str1.display();
	str2.display();
	return 0;
}

增加友元函数: ' > ' '==' '<' 的尝试

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class String{
public: 
	String() { p = NULL; }
	String(char *str) { p = str; }
	void display() { cout << p;}

	friend bool operator >(String &s1,String &s2);
	friend bool operator ==(String &s1,String &s2);
	friend bool operator <(String &s1,String &s2);

private:
	char *p;
};

bool operator >(String &s1, String &s2)
{
	if( strcmp( s1.p, s2.p) > 0 )
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool operator ==(String &s1, String &s2)
{
	if( strcmp( s1.p, s2.p) == 0 )
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool operator <(String &s1, String &s2)
{
	if( strcmp( s1.p, s2.p) < 0 )
		return true;
	return false;
}



void compare(String &s1, String &s2)
{
	if(s1 > s2)
	{
		s1.display() ;
		cout << " > " ;
		s2.display();
		cout << endl;
	}
	else if(s1 < s2)
	{
		s1.display() ;
		cout << " < " ;
		s2.display();
		cout << endl;
	}
	else if(s1 == s2)
	{
		s1.display() ;
		cout << " == " ;
		s2.display();
		cout << endl;
	}

}


int main()
{
	String str1("Hello"),str2("book");
	str1.display();
	str2.display();

	compare(str1,str2);

	return 0;
}

双目运算符要注意的地方：若作为成员函数，则" 2.5 + c1 "一定是错误的【因为只可能是 " c1 + 2.5 "】。作为友元函数，则要声明和定义两种情况的才能通用。

2.重载单目运算符
常见的单目运算符： !a , -b ,&c , *p 还有 ++，等。单目运算符只有一个操作数，因此运算符只有一个参数，如果运算符重载函数作为成员函数，还可以省略这个参数！

一个例子：【前置++运算符的实现】

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class Time{
public:
	Time(int m = 0, int s = 0) {minute = m; sec = s;} 
	Time operator++();	//前置"++"，由于前置++和后置++的返回值不同，所以需要区分
	void display() {cout << minute << " : " << sec  << endl;}
private:
	int minute,sec;
};

Time Time::operator++()
{
	if( ++sec >= 60)
	{
		sec -= 60;
		++ minute;
	}
	return *this;
}

int main()
{
	Time t1(34);
	for( int i = 0; i < 61 ; i++)
	{
		++t1;
		//t1++; wrong!!!!
		t1.display();
	}
	return 0;
}

单目运算符常作为成员函数，双目运算符常为友元函数。
如何重载后置++运算符呢？Time operator++(int) ，加上int修饰，虽然int并没有实际作用。

 

3.重载 " << "  和 " >> " 【流插入、流提取运算符】

返回值是流操作符对象本身。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;


class Complex{
public:
	Complex(double r = 0,double i = 0) { real = r; imag = i;}
	friend ostream& operator <<
		( ostream &, Complex & c);
	friend istream& operator >>
		( istream &, Complex & c);
	Complex operator +(Complex &c)
		{return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);}
private:
	double real,imag;
};


/*ostream & operator  << (ostream &output, Complex &c)
{
	output << "(" << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i)";
}*/
ostream & operator  << (ostream &output, Complex &c)
{
	output << "(" <<c.real;
	if(c.imag >= 0) output << "+";
	output << c.imag << "i)";
	return output;
}//修正了当imag为负数时，显示为(4+-10i)的错误



istream & operator  >> (istream &input, Complex &c)
{
	cout << "please input a compex ...\n";
	input >> c.real >> c.imag;
	return input;
}


int main()
{
	Complex c3;
	cin >> c3;
	cout << c3  <<endl;
}