cpp——复合类型——函数——运算符重载

运算符重载

c++引入运算符重载机制目的为了类类型(枚举类型)模仿内置类型运算符操作，因此运算符重载必须确保至少一个参数为类类型(枚举类型)，且必须是对象形式，而非指针(引用)形式：

• 运算符重载机制不能改变运算符的操作数个数
• 运算符重载机制不能改变运算符的优先级
• 运算符重载机制不能改变现有类型(内置类型&复合类型)支持的运算符含义，如果重载两个整型的加运算符，改变两个整型的加运算符含义，则编译系统会混乱不堪
• 运算符重载本质还是函数，只是函数名特别的函数，函数名中包含operator和运算符，因此运算符重载函数返回值可为void，且可重载(运算符重载函数形参个数固定，只能通过形参类型不同重载)

enum运算符重载

enum EPoint5
{
    ZERO,
    ONE,
    TWO,
    THREE,
    FOUR,
};

EPoint5 operator+(EPoint5 point1, int point2)
{
    int ret = ((int)point1 + point2) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(EPoint5, int) = " << ret <<  endl;
    
    switch(ret)
    {
        case 0:
            return ZERO;
        case 1:
            return ONE;
        case 2:
            return TWO;
        case 3:
            return THREE;
        case 4:
            return FOUR;
    }
    
    return ZERO;
}

EPoint5 operator+(int point1, EPoint5 point2)
{
    int ret = (point1 + (int)point2) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(int, EPoint5) = " << ret << endl;
    
    switch(ret)
    {
        case 0:
            return ZERO;
        case 1:
            return ONE;
        case 2:
            return TWO;
        case 3:
            return THREE;
        case 4:
            return FOUR;
    }
    
    return ZERO;
}

EPoint5 operator+(EPoint5 point1, EPoint5 point2)
{
    int ret = ((int)point1 + (int)point2) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(EPoint, EPoint5) = " << ret << endl;
    
    switch(ret)
    {
        case 0:
            return ZERO;
        case 1:
            return ONE;
        case 2:
            return TWO;
        case 3:
            return THREE;
        case 4:
            return FOUR;
    }
    
    return ZERO;
}

void enum_op_overload()
{
    EPoint5 point = THREE;
    point + 3 + 8;
    3 + point + 8;
    point + point;
    operator+(point, 3);
    operator+(3, point);
    operator+(point, point);
}

output：

operator+(EPoint5, int) = 1
operator+(EPoint5, int) = 4
operator+(int, EPoint5) = 1
operator+(EPoint5, int) = 4
operator+(EPoint, EPoint5) = 1
operator+(EPoint5, int) = 1
operator+(int, EPoint5) = 1
operator+(EPoint, EPoint5) = 1

class运算符重载

class CPoint
{
public:
    CPoint(int point) : mPoint(point) {}
    
public:
    int mPoint;
};

CPoint operator+(CPoint point1, int point2)
{
    int ret = (point1.mPoint + point2) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(CPoint, int) = " << ret <<  endl;
    
    return CPoint(ret);
}

CPoint operator+(int point1, CPoint point2)
{
    int ret = (point1 + point2.mPoint) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(int, CPoint) = " << ret << endl;
    
    return CPoint(ret);
}

CPoint operator+(CPoint point1, CPoint point2)
{
    int ret = (point1.mPoint + point2.mPoint) % 5;
    cout << "operator+(CPoint, CPoint) = " << ret << endl;
    
    return CPoint(ret);
}

void class_op_overload()
{
    CPoint point(3);
    point + 3 + 8;
    3 + point + 8;
    point + point;
    operator+(point, 3);
    operator+(3, point);
    operator+(point, point);
}

output：

operator+(CPoint, int) = 1
operator+(CPoint, int) = 4
operator+(int, CPoint) = 1
operator+(CPoint, int) = 4
operator+(CPoint, CPoint) = 1
operator+(CPoint, int) = 1
operator+(int, CPoint) = 1
operator+(CPoint, CPoint) = 1

总结

支持重载的运算符：

算术操作符：+，-，*，/，%

复合算术操作符：

位操作符

复合