SSM框架

spring 的注解:

@Component 组件注解,代表一般组件 ( @Named 通用注解)
@Repository 持久化组件的注解
@Service 业务层注解
@Controller 控制层注解
@Scope("prototype") 作用域 ,默认是singleton
@PostConstruct 初始化回调注释
@PreDestroy 销毁回调
@Resource 自动注入 

配置文件中的依赖注入(ref)

<bean id="c3p0DataSource"
class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/wjh"/>
    <property name="user" value="root" />
    <property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate"  class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="c3p0DataSource"/>
</bean>

静态工厂和实例工厂

1.静态工厂

<bean id="userService" factory-method="getUserService" class="factory.StaticFactory" />

2.实例工厂

<bean id="beanFactory" class="factory.BeanFactory"/>
<bean id="userService" factory-method="getUserService" factory-bean="beanFactory"/>

指定依赖注入

@Autowired
public void setName( @Qualifier("name") String name){ //name不能可以省略
    Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
    logger.warn(name);
}

@Autowired
public void setName( String name){
    this.name = name;
}



<bean id="name" class="java.lang.String">
    <constructor-arg value="王建杭"/>
</bean>

@Resource //也可以直接放在属性上面
public void setDao(DemoDao demoDao){
    this.demoDao = demoDao;
}

@Resource(name="demoDao")
public void setDao(DemoDao demoDao){
    this.demoDao = demoDao;
}

@Resource只支持单个项目,不支持聚合项目

构造方法注入

@Autowired
public Demo( @Qualifier("b") String a,@Qualifier("b") String b) {
    System.out.println(a);
    System.out.println(b);

}

自动注入,找demoDao的id

id是demoDao
@Repository
public class DemoDao {

id是demo
@Repository("demo")
public class DemoDao {

引入配置文件,动态配置属性

<!-- 引入外部文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:user.properties" />

user.properties

age=18
name=jack

User.java

@Value("${age}")
private Integer age;

@Value("${name}")
private String name;

工具类的使用

<util:list id="list">
    <value>1</value>
    <value>2</value>
    <value>3</value>        
</util:list>

@Value("#{@list}")
private List<Object> list;

spring-mvc四大组件

1.前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)

作用 :负责request对象和response对象的转发和响应。

2.处理映射器

匹配处理请求的类,交个给前端控制器。

3.处理器适配器

调用适当的处理器去执行请求

4.视图解析器

根据返回的页面名称为其拼接真实的路径

web.xml配置

<!-- springMVC servlet -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- spring mvc 乱码过滤器 -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>
        org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
    </filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> 

spring-mvc.xml配置文件:

<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">


    <!-- 包扫描器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="spring"/>  
    <!-- 视图转发器 前缀是 /jsp/  后缀是 .jsp -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/> 
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 登陆检测,拦截器 ,过滤器的子类-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/article/*"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/*"/>
            <bean class="interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>


    <!-- 上传组件 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10240" />
        <property name="resolveLazily" value="true" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 开启注解映射 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

  <!--   
    配置文件中配置 url映射,不建议使用
    <bean id="helloController" class="spring.controller.HelloWorldController"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="/hello.html">helloController</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean> -->

</beans>

spring mvc 加载多个配置文件

<context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>  
        /WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-*.xml,
        classpath:applicationContext-*.xml
    </param-value>  
</context-param>  


<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

控制器的配置

package spring.controller;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")//这种方法忽略后缀
public class UserController { //控制器,/user是映射路径

    @RequestMapping("/login") //此方法的映射路径是 /user/login
    public void login(HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException{
        res.getWriter().println("login~");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login") //注入参数
    public void login(@RequestParam("id") int id) throws IOException{
        res.getWriter().println("login~");
    }

}



//转发到/jsp/test.jsp
@RequestMapping(value="/test")
public String test(HttpServletRequest req){

    return "test"; 
}


//重定向 到/jsp/test.jsp
@RequestMapping(value="/test2")
public String test2(){

    return "redirect:test"; 
}

//接收一个model

@RequestMapping("/test2")
public String test2(Model model){
    model.addAttribute("msg", "hello");
    return "redirect:/user/test.do"; 
}

model内的数据以get方式提交过去

拦截器的配置

spring-mvc.xml 配置

<!-- 登陆检测,拦截器 ,过滤器的子类-->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/article/*"/>
        <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/*"/>
        <bean class="interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

代码如下:

package interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest req,
            HttpServletResponse res, Object handler, Exception ex)
            throws Exception {


    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
            Object handler, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {


    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
            Object handler) throws Exception {

    /*  HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String loginId = (String) session.getAttribute("loginId");
        if(loginId == null){
            return false;
        }
        return true;*/
        return true;
    }

}

异常处理

@ExceptionHandler //异常处理的注解,如果在一个控制器中只针对这个控制器抛出的异常有效
public String doException(MaxUploadSizeExceededException ex,Model model){
    model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节");
    return "upload/upload";
}

多个异常的处理

@ExceptionHandler({MaxUploadSizeExceededException.class,NumberFormatException.class})
@ResponseBody
public String doException(Exception ex,Model model){

    //model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节");
    return ex.getClass().toString();
}

全局异常处理

package spring.global;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;

@ControllerAdvice //这个类中的ExceptionHandler会捕获所有控制器抛出的异常
public class GlobalHandler{
    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public String doException(Exception ex){
        logger.error(ex.getMessage(),ex);
        return "error/exception";
    }


}

@ControllerAdvice 注解

  1. 通过@ControllerAdvice注解可以将对于控制器的全局配置放在同一个位置。
  2. 注解了@Controller的类的方法可以使用@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder、@ModelAttribute注解到方法上。
  3. @ControllerAdvice注解将作用在所有注解了@RequestMapping的控制器的方法上
  4. @ExceptionHandler:用于全局处理控制器里的异常。
  5. @InitBinder:用来设置WebDataBinder,用于自动绑定前台请求参数到Model中。
  6. @ModelAttribute:本来作用是绑定键值对到Model中,此处让全局的@RequestMapping都能获得在此处设置的键值对。

代码:

@ControllerAdvice
public class AdviceControlller {

    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());

    //异常处理
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public String doException(Exception ex){
        logger.error(ex.getMessage(),ex);
        return "error/exception";
    }

    //参数转换
    @InitBinder
    public void InitBinder (ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
        binder.registerCustomEditor(
        java.util.Date.class, 
        new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
    }


}

@ModelAttribute 的使用

@ModelAttribute  
public void populateModel(@RequestParam String abc, Model model) {  
   model.addAttribute("attributeName", abc);  
}  


@ModelAttribute("attributeName")  
public String addAccount(@RequestParam String abc) {  
   return abc;  
}  


public String test1(@ModelAttribute("user") UserModel user)  

log4j的整合

log4j.properties文件内容(在控制台打印输出的配置):

#log4j properties
log4j.rootLogger=all,console
log4j.appender.console.threshold=warn
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.target=System.err
log4j.appender.console.immediateFlush=true
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}-[%p]-[%l]:%m%n
#log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}-[%c]-[%p]-[%l]:%m%n

在web.xml中:

<!-- log4j配置 , -->
<context-param>
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/props/log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>

<!-- 6秒扫描一次配置文件的改动,会导致log4j无法关闭[FileWatchdog]线程  -->
<context-param>
    <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
    <param-value>6000</param-value>
</context-param>


<!-- log4j 监听器 -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>

log4j的使用

Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
logger.warn("log4j输出");

控制台打印示例:
2017-05-26 10:14:53-[WARN]-[spring.controller.GlobalController.do404(GlobalController.java:18)]:log4j输出

文件上传:

在springmvc.xml中

<!-- 上传组件 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10240" /> //最大1024个字节
    <property name="resolveLazily" value="true" /> //懒汉式加载,可进行异常获取
</bean>

在程序中:

@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String upload(MultipartFile file, //当文件上传时 用数组接收即可 (MultipartFile[] file)
        HttpServletRequest res,ModelMap model) throws IOException{
    if(file == null){
        model.addAttribute("message", "文件为空");
        return "/upload/upload";
    }
    String path = res.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("upload");
    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    File uploadFile = new File(path,fileName);
    file.transferTo(uploadFile);
    model.addAttribute("fileName", fileName);
    return "/upload/res";
}

当上传的文件大于配置的字节时,需要配置一个异常处理方法

@ExceptionHandler
public String doException(MaxUploadSizeExceededException ex,Model model){
    model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节");
    return "upload/upload";
}

404错误的处理的解决方法,配置一个通配的控制器

package spring.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("**")//通配控制器,匹配所有的匹配不上其他映射路径的路径(一个*代表一层路径,**代表多层路径)
public class AlllController {

    @RequestMapping("")//默认匹配
    public String do404(HttpServletRequest req,Model model){
        model.addAttribute("url", req.getRequestURL());
        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
        logger.warn("log4j输出");
        return "error/404";
    }

}

定义一个异常:可以指定状态,前提是这个异常不能被捕获,这个需要被抛给服务器

@ResponseStatus(value=HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND,reason="demoException")
public class DemoException extends RuntimeException {

不转发jsp,直接输出字符串

@RequestMapping(value="/other",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8") 
@ResponseBody //浏览器收到"other"字符串
public String other(){
    Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
    logger.warn("other");
    return "other";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/other",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8") 
@ResponseBody //浏览器收到"other"字符串
public void other(){
    Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
    logger.warn("other");
    res.getWriter().print("abc");
}

关于json的配置和使用

需要2个jar包 :

  1. jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar
  2. jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar

    @RequestMapping(value="a" ,produces="application/json;charset=UTF-8")
    public  @ResponseBody User a() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setAge(11);
        user.setName("小红");
        return user;
    }
    

produces:请求的是json,并且以json为后缀,浏览器以.html为后缀中会接收text/html类型

在web.xml中需要配置2个映射

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/server/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>


function send(){
    $.ajax({
        "url" : "server/hello/a.json",
        "contentType":"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
        "async" : true,
        "type" : "POST",
        "success" : function(result){
            var name = result.name;
            $("#msg").html("<font style='color:red'>"+name+"</font>")
        }
    });
}

springMVC4.2的不支持1.x的jackson的,会报HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException:Could not find acceptable representation
没有匹配类型,其实是使用了MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class类,这个类支持2.x的jackson,只能使用3.2的spring

jackson 1.x jar包

  • jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar
  • jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar6

spring-mvc 4.2 可以使用下面的扩展包

jackson2.x用下面的包

  • jackson-annotations-2.4.0.jar
  • jackson-core-2.4.2.jar
  • jackson-databind-2.4.2.jar

REST(RESTful)概念

可提高伸缩性,降低耦合度便于分布式处理程序

RESTful 规范:

http://localhost:8080/web/delUser/1234

http://localhost:8080/web/orders/2017/06/18434

  • POST: Create Delete Update
  • GET:Read
  • PUT:Update Create
  • DELETE:Delete

  • /blog/1 http GET => 查询id=1的blog

  • /blog/1 http DELETE => 查删除id=1的blog
  • /blog/1 http PUT => 更新 id=1的blog
  • /blog/add http POST => 新增blog

spring对REST的支持

  • @RequestMapping 指定要处理请求的URI方法和HTTP的请求动作
  • @PathVariable 将URI中请求模板中的变量映射到处理方法的参数上
  • 利用Ajax,可以在浏览器中发送PUT和Delete的请求

在控制器中

@RequestMapping("/rest/{id}")
public @ResponseBody  String rest(@PathVariable int id){

    logger.info(id);

    return "rest";
}

指定方法和指定path参数名

@RequestMapping(value="/rest/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody  String rest(@PathVariable("id") int i){
    logger.info(i);
    return "rest";
}

静态资源的访问控制

<!-- 静态资源访问 -->
<mvc:resources location="/jsp/"   mapping="/jsp/*"/>
<mvc:resources location="/image/"   mapping="/image/*"/>
<mvc:resources location="/css/"   mapping="/css/*"/>
<mvc:resources location="/js/"   mapping="/js/*"/>

<!--默认的资源访问控制-->
<!-- <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> -->

自动封装javaBean

@RequestMapping("/addUser")
public @ResponseBody String addUser(User user){

    //logger.info(user);
    if(user != null)
        return user.toString();
    return "user is null";
}


<form action="demo/addUser" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="email" value="293@qq.com" >
    <input type="text" name="password" value="123">
    <input type="text" name="nickname" value="jack">
    <input type="submit" value="注册" >
</form>

多个javaBean封装

@RequestMapping("/addUser")
public @ResponseBody String addUser(User user,UserInfo info){

    //logger.info(user);
    if(user == null)
        return "user is null";
    if(info == null)
        return "info is null";
    return user.toString()+"|"+info.toString();
}

<form action="demo/addUser" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="email" value="293@qq.com" >
    <input type="text" name="password" value="123">
    <input type="text" name="nickname" value="jack">
    <input type="text" name="age" value="18">
    <input type="text" name="sex" value="man">
    <input type="submit" value="注册" >
</form>
  1. html中提交的字段会自动封装成User实体对象,自动匹配属性,没有的值则为空
  2. 也可以直接注入User实体对象的引用,如:name=”type.name”就可以为user中的type对象的name进行注入
  3. 封装对象会被放入model中,转发到页面中可以直接使用之前提交过去的数据,如:

代码如下:

<input type="text" name="email" value="${user.email}" >//user不可省略

<input type="text" name="type.name" value="${user.type.name}" >

传递参数的类型转换

@InitBinder
public void InitBinder (ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
    binder.registerCustomEditor(
    java.util.Date.class, 
    new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
}

spring的测试方法

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationTest.xml")
public class Demo {

    @Resource
    private TestDao testDao;

    @Test
    public void demo1() {
        testDao.print();
    }
}
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