1、在第四节中完成了@controller和@Autowired的搭配使用。在本节中，将讲解web.xml的运行过程，其中主要讲到web.xml中，<context-param>和<listeners>。如下所示：
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<description>spring监听器</description>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
package org.springframework.web.context;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
public ContextLoaderListener() {
}
public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
super(context);
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
}
}
这时我们com.hl.demo包中新建一个ContextLoaderListeners类如下所示：
package com.hl.demo;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
public ContextLoaderListener(){
WebApplicationContext context = ContextLoaderListener.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
System.out.println("1--->"+context);
}
public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
super(context);
System.out.println("2--->"+context);
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
ServletContext servletContext = event.getServletContext();
/*
System.out.println(servletContext.getContextPath());
System.out.println(servletContext.getServletContextName());
System.out.println(servletContext.getClassLoader().toString());
*/
initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
//ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
}
}
package com.hl.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.access.BeanFactoryLocator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.access.BeanFactoryReference;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.access.ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator;
import org.springframework.core.GenericTypeResolver;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
public class ContextLoader extends org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader{
public static final String CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM = "contextClass";
public static final String CONTEXT_ID_PARAM = "contextId";
public static final String CONTEXT_INITIALIZER_CLASSES_PARAM = "contextInitializerClasses";
public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = "contextConfigLocation";
public static final String LOCATOR_FACTORY_SELECTOR_PARAM = "locatorFactorySelector";
public static final String LOCATOR_FACTORY_KEY_PARAM = "parentContextKey";
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties";
private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
static {
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
private static final Map<ClassLoader, WebApplicationContext> currentContextPerThread =
new ConcurrentHashMap<ClassLoader, WebApplicationContext>(1);
private static volatile WebApplicationContext currentContext;
private WebApplicationContext context;
private BeanFactoryReference parentContextRef;
public ContextLoader() {
}
public ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
/**
*
* ----------configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
*
*/
String initParameter = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
System.out.println("出书"+initParameter);
if (initParameter != null) {
cwac.setConfigLocation(initParameter);
}
customizeContext(servletContext, cwac);
cwac.refresh();
System.out.println("---------3");
logger.info("----------------3");
}
}
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
return this.context;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
throw err;
}
}
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
}
return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
@Deprecated
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc, ApplicationContext parent) {
return createWebApplicationContext(sc);
}
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
if (contextClassName != null) {
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
else {
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>>
determineContextInitializerClasses(ServletContext servletContext) {
String classNames = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_INITIALIZER_CLASSES_PARAM);
List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> classes =
new ArrayList<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>>();
if (classNames != null) {
for (String className : StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(classNames, ",")) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
Assert.isAssignable(ApplicationContextInitializer.class, clazz,
"class [" + className + "] must implement ApplicationContextInitializer");
classes.add((Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>)clazz);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load context initializer class [" + className + "]", ex);
}
}
}
return classes;
}
protected void customizeContext(ServletContext servletContext, ConfigurableWebApplicationContext applicationContext) {
List<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses =
determineContextInitializerClasses(servletContext);
if (initializerClasses.isEmpty()) {
// no ApplicationContextInitializers have been declared -> nothing to do
return;
}
Class<?> contextClass = applicationContext.getClass();
ArrayList<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>> initializerInstances =
new ArrayList<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>();
for (Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>> initializerClass : initializerClasses) {
Class<?> initializerContextClass =
GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(initializerClass, ApplicationContextInitializer.class);
if (initializerContextClass != null) {
Assert.isAssignable(initializerContextClass, contextClass, String.format(
"Could not add context initializer [%s] as its generic parameter [%s] " +
"is not assignable from the type of application context used by this " +
"context loader [%s]: ", initializerClass.getName(), initializerContextClass.getName(),
contextClass.getName()));
}
initializerInstances.add(BeanUtils.instantiateClass(initializerClass));
}
ConfigurableEnvironment env = applicationContext.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
}
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializerInstances);
for (ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer : initializerInstances) {
initializer.initialize(applicationContext);
}
}
protected ApplicationContext loadParentContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
ApplicationContext parentContext = null;
String locatorFactorySelector = servletContext.getInitParameter(LOCATOR_FACTORY_SELECTOR_PARAM);
String parentContextKey = servletContext.getInitParameter(LOCATOR_FACTORY_KEY_PARAM);
if (parentContextKey != null) {
// locatorFactorySelector may be null, indicating the default "classpath*:beanRefContext.xml"
BeanFactoryLocator locator = ContextSingletonBeanFactoryLocator.getInstance(locatorFactorySelector);
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Getting parent context definition: using parent context key of '" +
parentContextKey + "' with BeanFactoryLocator");
}
this.parentContextRef = locator.useBeanFactory(parentContextKey);
parentContext = (ApplicationContext) this.parentContextRef.getFactory();
}
return parentContext;
}
public void closeWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
servletContext.log("Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
try {
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
((ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context).close();
}
}
finally {
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = null;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.remove(ccl);
}
servletContext.removeAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
if (this.parentContextRef != null) {
this.parentContextRef.release();
}
}
}
public static WebApplicationContext getCurrentWebApplicationContext() {
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl != null) {
WebApplicationContext ccpt = currentContextPerThread.get(ccl);
if (ccpt != null) {
return ccpt;
}
}
return currentContext;
}
}
同时在com.hl.demo目录下新建一个：ContextLoader.properties 文件，其中的内容如下：
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
2、我们将web.xml中的配置改为：
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<description>spring监听器</description>
<!-- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> -->
<listener-class>com.hl.demo.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>将其中上下文监听改为刚才自己定义的com.hl.demo.ContextLoaderListener类即可。
3、重启服务器，即可console中看到加载的过程以及bean.xml加载的过程。
4、在junit中启动com.hl.demo.ContextLoaderListeners，如下：
package com.hl.junit;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext;
import com.hl.demo.ContextLoader;
import com.hl.demo.ContextLoaderListener;
public class textJunit {
@Test
public void textlisteners(){
MockServletContext sc = new MockServletContext("");
sc.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM,"classpath:bean.xml");
ServletContextListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener();
ServletContextEvent event = new ServletContextEvent(sc);
listener.contextInitialized(event);
}
}
5、其实对于这样的一个过程不了解也没关系，因为我们主要目的是知道怎么去构建一个MVC的系统。
<context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value></context-param> <listener><description>spring监听器</description><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener>
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