Espresso 自动化测试（七）－ Viewpager与Listview的使用

前面谈到的Listview的测试都是单独的一个。但是往往现在的App的设计基本是ViewPager+Listview/RecyclerView 这里的RecyclerView的处理与ListView不一致，我们会放到后续进行讲解。

在前面我们有提及过，我们查找控件都是需要有个唯一的区别该控件的条件。如何该条件同时满足其他控件的话，程序就会报 AmbiguousViewMatcherException 的异常。那么我们要怎么处理这种情况呢。

ViewPager＋ListView的实现

首先讲解决方法前我们先说下这个的实现的。因为这个不是重点我就简单的贴一下代码。也就当作是为了回顾一下android的一些知识吧。

首先我们实现界面的主要布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    tools:context="com.example.cvter.myapplication.MainActivity">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">

        <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
            app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />

        <android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
            android:id="@+id/tabLayout"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="48dp"
            app:tabGravity="fill"
            app:tabIndicatorColor="@color/colorAccent"
            app:tabMode="fixed"
            />

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/viewPager"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
        />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

MainActivity的实现

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final String NOMALVALUE[] = {"他收藏的帖子","他发表的帖子"};
    private ViewPager viewPager;
    private TabLayout tabLayout;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        viewPager = (ViewPager)findViewById(R.id.viewPager);
        tabLayout = (TabLayout)findViewById(R.id.tabLayout);
        BookInfoViewPagerAdapter bookInfoViewPagerAdapter = new BookInfoViewPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(),NOMALVALUE);
        viewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(2);
        viewPager.setAdapter(bookInfoViewPagerAdapter);
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager);
        tabLayout.setTabsFromPagerAdapter(bookInfoViewPagerAdapter);

    }

    class BookInfoViewPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {


        private  String userValue[];

        public BookInfoViewPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, String[] userValue) {
            super(fm);
            this.userValue = userValue;
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {

            if (position == 0) {
                return BookListFragment.getInstance(Database.NEW_BOOKS);
            } else {
                return BookListFragment.getInstance(Database.ALL_BOOKS);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return userValue.length;
        }

        @Override
        public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
            return userValue[position];
        }
    }
}

再来是BookListFragment的实现

public class BookListFragment extends Fragment {

    private static BookListFragment bookListFragment;
    private ListView list;

    public static BookListFragment getInstance(ArrayList<Book> books) {
        bookListFragment = new BookListFragment();
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putSerializable("booklist",books);
        bookListFragment.setArguments(bundle);
        return bookListFragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.content_main, container, false);
        setupView(view);
        return view;
    }


    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        ArrayList<Book> books = (ArrayList<Book>) getArguments().getSerializable("booklist");
        list.setAdapter(new BooksAdapter(getActivity(), books));
        list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Book book = (Book) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);
                Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), BookDetailsActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra(BookDetailsActivity.TITLE, book.getTitle());
                intent.putExtra(BookDetailsActivity.AUTHOR, book.getAuthor());
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }

    private void setupView(View view) {
        list = (ListView) (view).findViewById(R.id.list);

    }

}

实现的效果图：

解决方法

那么我们按照之前的测试代码看看运行的结果是什么样的

onData(withBookTitle(BOOK_TITLE)).perform(click());

android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException: ‘is assignable from class: class android.widget.AdapterView’ matches multiple views in the hierarchy.
Problem views are marked with ‘*MATCHES*’ below.

确实是这样子的。这个时候我们就需要依赖于inAdapterView() 我们看看inAdapterView

 /**
   * Selects a particular adapter view to operate on, by default we operate on any adapter view
   * on the screen.
   */
  public DataInteraction inAdapterView(Matcher<View> adapterMatcher) {
    this.adapterMatcher = checkNotNull(adapterMatcher);
    return this;
  }

上面解释已经很清楚了。可以选择指定一个 adapter view 去操作，默认情况下 Espresso 可以操作任何 adapter view。

下来修改我们的测试代码

onData(withBookTitle("Effective Java ")).inAdapterView(allOf(isAssignableFrom(AdapterView.class),isDisplayed())).perform(click());

或者

onData(withBookTitle("Effective Java ")).inAdapterView(allOf(withId(R.id.list),isDisplayed())).perform(click());

都是可以的。

结束语

这章其实更多的还是练手。遇到各种问题的解决。其实还有其他的方法来解决上述的问题的。多动手。。