ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal是如何保证变量在多个线程中互不干扰的。
例 ： 一个java 类中有一个Object object变量
每一个线程对object的取值，赋值互不干扰，ThreadLocal就派上用场了

 local.set("mainThread value");
        Log.i("value",Thread.currentThread().getName() +": value = "+ local.get());

        new Thread("Thread 1"){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                Log.i("value", Thread.currentThread().getName() +": value = "+ local.get());

            }
        }.start();

        new Thread("Thread 2"){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                local.set("Thread 2 value");
                Log.i("value", Thread.currentThread().getName() +": value = "+ local.get());

            }
        }.start();

 main: value = mainThread value
 Thread 1: value = null
 Thread 2: value = Thread 2 value

从打印结果看，每个线程对于local对象 是互不影响的。

源码

 public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        //根据Thread 对象获取ThreadLocalMap 对象
        map对象是 Thread对象的成员变量。默认值是null。
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            //设置过值后，直接赋值
            map.set(this, value);
            //如果没有set过值，map是null
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

 ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
//给当前线程 threadLocals 赋值。
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

   ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal firstKey, Object firstValue) {
            table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
            int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
            table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
            size = 1;
            setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
        }
上面是set 过程，如果当前线程的threadLocals对象时null,就创建一个对象，并给ThreadLocalMap成员变量Entry 赋值。

get 过程

   public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null)
                return (T)e.value;
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }
    this 指的是ThreadLocal对象，相当于是key。
     private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }


 protected T initialValue() {
        return null;
    }
默认值返回时null。如果设置过value 就返回之前设置过的value,否则创建一个新的ThreadLocalMap对象。value 是null.

local取值赋值时，每个线程是互不影响的，因为每个线程都有一个ThreadLocalMap对象。

问题二
ThreadLocalMap 是如何保存线程多个ThreadLocal对象的值的，
例 :

ThreadLocal<String> local = new ThreadLocal<String>();
ThreadLocal<Boolean> local2 = new ThreadLocal<Boolean>();
ThreadLocal<Integer> local3 = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();

local 第一次set值时，创建ThreadLocalMapd对象，赋值给thread.threadLocals，以后再需要在当前线程对象上set值时，取出threadLocals对象使用，

//静态内部类
static class ThreadLocalMap {
//静态内部类Entry  extends 弱引用ThreadLocal
 static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal> {
            Object value;
            Entry(ThreadLocal k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
         */
        private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

        /**
         * The table, resized as necessary.
         * table.length MUST always be a power of two.
         */
        private Entry[] table;

ThreadLocalMap 类中有一个Entry[] table数组对象，Entry有两个字段，k 是Threadlocal对象， v是Threadlocal存储的值。
大概的流程就是这样了。