1. 工厂模式
function createObject(name, age, gender) {
var obj = {
name: name,
age: age,
gender: gender,
sayName:function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
}
return obj
}
var obj1 = createObject('zhangsan', 12, '男')
var obj2 = createObject('lisi', 15, '女')
obj1.sayName()
console.log(obj1,obj2)
console.log(obj1.constructor) //Object
缺点:①无法确定对象的类型(因为都是Object)。
②创建的多个对象之间没有关联。
2. 构造函数模式
function Person(name, age, gender) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
sayName:function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
}
var p1 = new Person('zhangsan',12,'男')
console.log(p1)
console.log(p1.constructor) //Person
function Dog(name, age, color) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
var dog = new Dog('馒头',2,'yellow')
console.log(dog)
console.log(dog.constructor) //Dog
缺点:①多个实例重复创建方法,无法共享。
②多个实例都有sayName方法,但均不是同一个Function的实例。
3. 原型模式
function Person() {}
Person.prototype.name = 'zhangsan';
Person.prototype.friends = []
Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
var p1 = new Person();
console.log(p1.name)
var p2 = new Person();
console.log(p2.name)
p1.friends.push('rrrrr')
console.log(p1.friends) //rrrrr
console.log(p2.friends) //rrrrr
缺点:①无法传入参数,不能初始化属性值。
②如果包含引用类型的值时,改变其中一个实例的值,则会在所有实例中体现(数据共享)。
4. 组合模式(推荐)
function Person(name, age, gender) {
this.name = name;
this.name = age;
this.gender = gender;
this.friends = [];
}
Person.prototype = {
constructor: Person,
sayName: function () {
console.log(this.name)
}
}
var p1 = new Person('zhangsan', 11, '男');
var p2 = new Person('lisi',11,'女');
p1.friends.push('wwe')
console.log(p1.friends) //wwe
console.log(p2.friends) // []
console.log(p1)
console.log(p1.constructor)
优点:构造函数共享实例属性,原型共享方法和想要共享的属性。可传递参数,初始化属性值。