公钥加密,私钥解密
前端:密文RSA公钥加密,得到base64编码的加密密文,jsencrypt.min.js
var publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDQZX1Kg0I59W4KwMq0VsZRHp5GE5me474JefjiDK/ewrftAxeKMAnjAfAe2mEb6ZYMz2UKDF2fDKhi3Ctqkqa04HbbuDVu8+fU7A436RUGouyge+MK0hjpLlUKvDL+dknUq4twpArpWjYtXgikQI1nh8XPTNH/nRSy50kQ3ComRwIDAQAB";
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
encrypt.setPublicKey(publicKey);
mmVal = encrypt.encrypt("123456");
后端:
- 生成公钥和私钥,Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.genKeyPair();
- 收到机密密文,把base64密码解码为二进制数组,再解密,得到密文二进制数组
- 二进制数组转换成密文
1、base64编码工具类
**
* BASE64编码解码工具包
*
* @author Created by zqc on 2018/11/02.
*/
public class BaseUtils {
/**
* 文件读取缓冲区大小
*/
private static final int CACHE_SIZE = 1024;
/**
* BASE64字符串解码为二进制数据
*
* @param base64
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decode(String base64) throws Exception {
return Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64);
// return Base64.decode(base64.getBytes());
}
/**
* 二进制数据编码为BASE64字符串
*
* @param bytes
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encode(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
// return new String(Base64.encode(bytes));
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
}
/**
* 将文件编码为BASE64字符串 大文件慎用,可能会导致内存溢出
*
* @param filePath 文件绝对路径
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encodeFile(String filePath) throws Exception {
byte[] bytes = fileToByte(filePath);
return encode(bytes);
}
/**
* <p>
* BASE64字符串转回文件
*
* @param filePath 文件绝对路径
* @param base64 编码字符串
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void decodeToFile(String filePath, String base64) throws Exception {
byte[] bytes = decode(base64);
byteArrayToFile(bytes, filePath);
}
/**
* 文件转换为二进制数组
*
* @param filePath 文件路径
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] fileToByte(String filePath) throws Exception {
byte[] data = new byte[0];
File file = new File(filePath);
if (file.exists()) {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048);
byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE];
int nRead = 0;
while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) {
out.write(cache, 0, nRead);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
in.close();
data = out.toByteArray();
}
return data;
}
/**
* 二进制数据写文件bytes 二进制数据
*
* @param filePath 文件生成目录
*/
public static void byteArrayToFile(byte[] bytes, String filePath) throws Exception {
InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
File destFile = new File(filePath);
if (!destFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
destFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
destFile.createNewFile();
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE];
int nRead = 0;
while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) {
out.write(cache, 0, nRead);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
in.close();
}
}
2、RSA加密解密工具类
/**
* <p>
* RSA公钥/私钥/签名工具包
* </p>
* <p>
* 罗纳德・李维斯特(Ron [R]ivest)、阿迪・萨莫尔(Adi [S]hamir)和伦纳德・阿德曼(Leonard [A]dleman)
* </p>
* <p>
* 字符串格式的密钥在未在特殊说明情况下都为BASE64编码格式<br/>
* 由于非对称加密速度极其缓慢,一般文件不使用它来加密而是使用对称加密,<br/>
* 非对称加密算法可以用来对对称加密的密钥加密,这样保证密钥的安全也就保证了数据的安全
* </p>
*
* @author Created by zqc on 2018/11/02.
*/
public class RSAUtils {
/**
* 加密算法RSA
*/
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
/**
* 签名算法
*/
public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";
/**
* 获取公钥的key
*/
private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
/**
* 获取私钥的key
*/
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";
/**
* RSA最大加密明文大小
*/
private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
/**
* RSA最大解密密文大小
*/
private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
/**
* 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥)
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Map<String, Object> genKeyPair() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
return keyMap;
}
/**
* 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
*
* @param data 已加密数据
* @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(privateKey);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initSign(privateK);
signature.update(data);
return BaseUtils.encode(signature.sign());
}
/**
* 校验数字签名
*
* @param data 已加密数据
* @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
* @param sign 数字签名
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(publicKey);
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initVerify(publicK);
signature.update(data);
return signature.verify(BaseUtils.decode(sign));
}
/**
* 私钥解密
*
* @param encryptedData 已加密数据
* @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey)
throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(privateKey);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);
return getByteArray(encryptedData, cipher, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
}
private static byte[] getByteArray(byte[] data, Cipher cipher, int maxBlockSize) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException {
int inputLen = data.length;
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int offSet = 0;
byte[] cache;
int i = 0;
// 对数据分段解密
while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
if (inputLen - offSet > maxBlockSize) {
cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, maxBlockSize);
} else {
cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
}
out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
i++;
offSet = i * maxBlockSize;
}
byte[] endeData = out.toByteArray();
out.close();
return endeData;
}
/**
* 公钥解密
*
* @param encryptedData 已加密数据
* @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData, String publicKey)
throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(publicKey);
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);
return getByteArray(encryptedData, cipher, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
}
/**
* 公钥加密
*
* @param data 源数据
* @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey)
throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(publicKey);
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);
return getByteArray(data, cipher, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
}
/**
* 私钥加密
*
* @param data 源数据
* @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey)
throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes = BaseUtils.decode(privateKey);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);
return getByteArray(data, cipher, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
}
/**
* 获取私钥
*
* @param keyMap 密钥对
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return BaseUtils.encode(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 获取公钥
*
* @param keyMap 密钥对
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return BaseUtils.encode(key.getEncoded());
}
}
3、解密测试
public class Base64Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//生成公钥私钥,生成一次就可以,公钥不变,私钥会变
/*Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.genKeyPair();
System.out.println(map);
String publicKey = RSAUtils.getPublicKey(map);
String privateKey = RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(map);
*/
String publicKey="MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCbj3V1MC7zFGnyPWDcv/55nQRklXB1KyZ7mpglV2SiCoDcWqArAEUjfp5iHQT59Wfyg+56fBnKV0nuvBEXRICytaZuGFiQYeDqEkuR5mkSIEnvcld+TgHAbeXRAIry8LE59efeJcyqQoCDG2sA8pMgEqVNhfP/hDb5+uH0QAvLWQIDAQAB";
String privateKey="MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAJuPdXUwLvMUafI9YNy//nmdBGSVcHUrJnuamCVXZKIKgNxaoCsARSN+nmIdBPn1Z/KD7np8GcpXSe68ERdEgLK1pm4YWJBh4OoSS5HmaRIgSe9yV35OAcBt5dEAivLwsTn1594lzKpCgIMbawDykyASpU2F8/+ENvn64fRAC8tZAgMBAAECgYB0YGXKDwsAtYPxQrPlUglJ6ArySM5CCc8XZ3dtcC0MAPmYYIA0y1XuEPrigb1IVqy2RLczkQYmVxkrbi0HECuK2y1xx3Pf7AxiZUSCK4Cpdcq7QBUHHhGcFqK3sFcNQD2JfnQk2mE6o9BAmEfTb8G2OpDIDOQa/PDApNodcPLREQJBANkkEiIg70MP1tnT2ntLG4rY89GyvFw6Og3GK9xcrTBXNbQfSjb+O44GRUjBay425cSxf6g/Ph7q2oga9FP0pX0CQQC3Zi9NvtSRNfNAc6A252eun4a4qnFSADJ4tlKR346JQauuYqI3QhIXwfyS0XUFRZ0rlcYj3Cght9etU37eqjQNAkEAkYjoknFKi8MQ+HxSwjIr6prQiCrorlPkVxkMiqye83hwKSKTplotZlpzk3j3skjfJT7mVcjVhPlZsMGIIsElLQJBAK2ntSzRf+dLhVxG37J9JKClbuRWh1yU0TWZtc9oNkfjBdPmkyDtj8ItLaI7cKmgQ/UsKWR1Jw7eS/tTrzLZSNUCQEWnEoO8qvJES1+qAkmg/WHWOaJlM/LHnjHf2O+Srv9ISUizMhnSIwr3d//SAQB6AAhFDRm6cGxkiNq4DtW1mQ4=";
String encode="LE60PdTwuMo4rH4vnC53vEVyVez3J/1uXYRozVJWFnyXcOoZHvJSU2/5RlHIi/ws600hbzDJsmP/w19hVL+u8NbI2AXtJ0jnLMcsAOVLN/ryL98oHkdVTO1aQfthNIRx28NgVnPYwfdodxbHLym3wLXCi6JbmzBr2wuyBC+9cME=";
byte[] decrypt = RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(BaseUtils.decode(encode), privateKey);//把base64密码解码为二进制数组,再解密,得到密文二进制数组
String encode1 = new String(decrypt);//二进制数组转换成密文
System.out.println("解密:"+encode1);
}
}
参考博客: