[LeetCode]236 二叉树的最近公共父亲节点

Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree(二叉树的最近公共父亲节点)

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 5 and 1 is 3. Another example is LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

给定一个二叉树和所要查找的两个节点，找到两个节点的最近公共父亲节点（LCA）。比如，节点5和1的LCA是3，节点5和4的LCA是5。

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解题思路

本题与LeetCode 235的区别就是由二叉查找树变为了二叉树，即数据从有序变为了无序，那么就不能通过root的值和两个节点的值的大小关系来划分查找区域。在题235的代码基础做了些许变动，同样使用递归搜索的方法，当root非空时，对root->left和root->right分别进行搜索。若搜索结果均非空，说明两个节点分别位于左右子树之中，LCA则为root；若只有一个结果为空，则LCA是另一个非空的节点；若结果均空，则返回NULL。

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c++代码如下：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if (!root || root == p || root == q)
            return root;
        TreeNode* left = lowestCommonAncestor(root->left,p,q);
        TreeNode* right = lowestCommonAncestor(root->right,p,q);
        if (left && right)
            return root;
        if (!left)
            return right;
        if (!right)
            return left;

    }
};