定时器Timer的使用
在JDK库中,Timer类主要负责计划任务的功能,也就是在指定的时间开始执行某一个任务
Timer类的主要作用就是设置计划任务,但封装任务的类却是TimerTask类
执行计划任务的代码要放入TimerTask的子类中,因为TimerTask是一个抽象类。
5.1.1 方法schedule(TimerTask task,Date time)
该方法的作用是在指定的日期执行一次某一个任务
第一种情况:执行任务的时间晚于当前时间
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"任务执行,完成时间为:"+new Date());
}
}
.....................
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 10);比当前时间晚10秒
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTask task = new MyTask();
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task,runDate2);
}
}
运行时间:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:13:30 CST 2019
计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:13:40 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:13:40 CST 2019
创建一个Timer就是启动一个新的线程,那么这个启动的线程并不是守护线程,一直在运行,
如果将Timer改为守护线程。
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 10);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTask task = new MyTask();
Timer timer = new Timer(true);//守护线程
timer.schedule(task,runDate2);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:17:39 CST 2019
计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:17:49 CST 2019
可以看见TimerTask中的任务不被运行,因为进程已经结束。
第二种情况: 计划时间早于当前时间
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, -10); 比当前时间早10秒
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTask task = new MyTask();
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task,runDate2);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:14:29 CST 2019
计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:14:19 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:14:29 CST 2019
如果执行任务的时间早于当前时间,则立即执行task任务。
第三种情况:Timer中允许有多个TimerTask任务及延时
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTaskA extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始:"+new Date());
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"结束"+new Date());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
.........................
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTaskB extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始:"+new Date());
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"结束"+new Date());
}
}
................................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef1 = Calendar.getInstance();
Date runDate1 = calendarRef1.getTime();
System.out.println("A计划时间为:"+runDate1);
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 5);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("B计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTaskA task1 = new MyTaskA();
MyTaskB task2 = new MyTaskB();
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1,runDate1);
timer.schedule(task2, runDate2);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:23:59 CST 2019
A计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:23:59 CST 2019
B计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:24:04 CST 2019
Timer-0开始:Fri Apr 26 15:23:59 CST 2019
Timer-0结束Fri Apr 26 15:24:09 CST 2019
Timer-0开始:Fri Apr 26 15:24:09 CST 2019
Timer-0结束Fri Apr 26 15:24:09 CST 2019
从运行结果上看,有两点发现:
1.Thread.currentThread().getName() 两个TimerTask得到的都是Timer-0,说明一个Timer对象创建一个线程对象,TimerTask只是封装了一个任务。
2.在代码中设置任务1和任务2的运行间隔时间为5秒,由于task1需要用时10秒完成,所以task1需要用时10秒执行完任务,所以task1结束时间就是task2的开始时间,不在以10秒作为参考,究其原理还是因为Task是放入队列的,得一个一个运行。
5.1.2 方法schedule(TimerTask task,Date firstTime,long period)
该方法的作用是在指定的日期之后按指定的间隔周期,无限循环地执行某一任务
第一种情况:计划时间晚于当前时间
public class MyTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"任务执行,完成时间为:"+new Date());
}
}
........................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 5);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("B计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTask task = new MyTask() ;
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task, runDate2,4000);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:30 CST 2019
B计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:35 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:35 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:39 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:43 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:47 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:51 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:55 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:31:59 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:32:03 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:32:07 CST 2019
第二种情况: 计划时间早于当前时间
如果计划时间早于当前时间,则立即执行task任务
第三种情况:任务执行时间被延时
public class MyTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"任务执行,开始时间为:"+new Date());
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"任务执行,完成时间为:"+new Date());
}
}
.................................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 10);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("任务计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTask task = new MyTask() ;
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task, runDate2,3000);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:38 CST 2019
任务计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:48 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,开始时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:48 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:53 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,开始时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:53 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:58 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,开始时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:40:58 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,完成时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:41:03 CST 2019
Timer-0任务执行,开始时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:41:03 CST 2019
从上面看任务被延时了,但还得一个一个运行
5.1.3 TimerTask类的cancel()方法
TimerTask类中的cancel()方法的作用是将自身从任务队列中进行清除
public class MyTaskA extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("A run timer"+new Date());
this.cancel();
System.out.println("A任务自己移出自己");
}
}
.............................................
public class MyTaskB extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("B run timer="+new Date());
}
}
......................................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
//calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 10);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("任务计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTaskA task1 = new MyTaskA() ;
MyTaskB task2 = new MyTaskB() ;
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1, runDate2,3000);
timer.schedule(task2, runDate2,3000);
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:49:24 CST 2019
任务计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:49:24 CST 2019
A run timerFri Apr 26 15:49:24 CST 2019
A任务自己移出自己
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:24 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:27 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:30 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:33 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:36 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:49:39 CST 2019
5.1.4 Timer类的cancel()方法
和TimerTask类中的cancel()方法清除自身不同,Timer类中的cancel()方法作用是将任务队列中全部的任务进行清空。
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTaskA extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("A run timer"+new Date());
}
}
...............................
package cn.yu.thread;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTaskB extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("B run timer="+new Date());
}
}
.............................................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("当前时间为:"+new Date());
Calendar calendarRef2 = Calendar.getInstance();
//calendarRef2.add(Calendar.SECOND, 10);
Date runDate2 = calendarRef2.getTime();
System.out.println("任务计划时间为:"+runDate2);
MyTaskA task1 = new MyTaskA() ;
MyTaskB task2 = new MyTaskB() ;
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1, runDate2,2000);
timer.schedule(task2, runDate2,2000);
Thread.sleep(5000);
timer.cancel();
System.out.println("任务全部取消");
}
}
运行结果:
当前时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:59:52 CST 2019
任务计划时间为:Fri Apr 26 15:59:52 CST 2019
A run timerFri Apr 26 15:59:52 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:59:52 CST 2019
A run timerFri Apr 26 15:59:54 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:59:54 CST 2019
A run timerFri Apr 26 15:59:56 CST 2019
B run timer=Fri Apr 26 15:59:56 CST 2019
任务全部取消
注意事项:Timer类的cancel()方法有时并不一定会停止计划任务,而是正常执行。
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class MyTaskA extends TimerTask{
private int i;
public MyTaskA(int i) {
super();
this.i = i;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("第"+i+"次没有被cancel取消");
}
}
...........................
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
int i = 0;
Calendar calendarRef1 = Calendar.getInstance();
Date runDate1 = calendarRef1.getTime();
while(true) {
i++;
Timer timer = new Timer();
MyTaskA task1 = new MyTaskA(i);
timer.schedule(task1,runDate1);
timer.cancel();
}
}
}
......................
运行结果:
第46463次没有被cancel取消
第223973次没有被cancel取消
第259984次没有被cancel取消
看一下Timer 的cancel()方法的源码:
private final TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
public void cancel() {
synchronized(queue) {
thread.newTasksMayBeScheduled = false;
queue.clear();
queue.notify(); // In case queue was already empty.
}
}
原因是:cancel()方法不一定能抢到queue锁
5.1.4 方法schedule(TimerTask task,long delay)
该方法的作用是以执行schedule(TimerTask task,long delay)方法当前的时间为参考时间,在此基础上延迟指定的毫秒数后执行一次TimerTask任务。
5.1.5 方法schedule(TimerTask task,long delay,long period)
该方法的作用是以执行schedule(TimerTask task,long delay,long period)方法当前时间为参考时间,在此时间基础上延迟指定的毫秒数,再以某一间隔时间无限次数地执行某一任务。
5.1.6 方法scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task,Date firstTime,long period)
方法schedule()和方法scheduleAtFixedRate()都会按顺序执行,所以不要考虑非线程安全的情况。
方法schedule和scheduleAtFixedRate主要的区别只在与有没有追赶特性。
验证scheduleAtFixedRate方法具有追赶执行性
public class MyTask extends TimerTask {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("begin timer"+new Date());
System.out.println("end timer="+new Date());
}
}
................................
public class Test {
static class MyTask extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("begin timer"+new Date());
System.out.println("end timer="+new Date());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
MyTask task = new MyTask();
System.out.println("现在执行时间"+new Date());
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.set(calendar.SECOND,calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND)-20);
Date runDate = calendar.getTime();
System.out.println("计划执行时间"+runDate);
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, runDate,2000);
}
}
运行结果:
现在执行时间Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
计划执行时间Fri Apr 26 16:34:40 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:00 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:02 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:02 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:04 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:04 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:06 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:06 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:08 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:08 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:10 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:10 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:12 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:12 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:14 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:14 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:35:16 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:35:16 CST 2019
程序中设置任务执行时间为当前时间的前20秒,每2秒重复一次,所有在当前时间之前要执行任务10次,这就是Task任务的追赶性。
如果换成schedule呢?
现在执行时间Fri Apr 26 16:39:26 CST 2019
计划执行时间Fri Apr 26 16:39:06 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:26 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:26 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:28 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:28 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:30 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:30 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:32 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:32 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:34 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:34 CST 2019
begin timerFri Apr 26 16:39:36 CST 2019
end timer=Fri Apr 26 16:39:36 CST 2019
可以看到任务执行从当前时间以后,不具有追赶性。