IPC与RPC通信开发指南

概述

IPC（Inter-Process Communication，进程间通信）和RPC（Remote Procedure Call，远程过程调用）是实现不同进程或不同设备间通信的关键技术。本指南将详细介绍如何在HarmonyOS（鸿蒙操作系统）中开发基于IPC和RPC的应用程序。

环境配置

在开始开发之前，需要确保开发环境已正确配置，包括安装必要的SDK和依赖库。以下是配置步骤：

1. 添加依赖

   // ipc场景
   external_deps = [
     "ipc:ipc_single",
   ]
   
   // rpc场景
   external_deps = [
     "ipc:ipc_core",
   ]
   
   // 公共基础库
   external_deps = [
     "c_utils:utils",
   ]
   

2. 定义IPC接口

   #include "iremote_broker.h"
   
   const int TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY = 5;
   const std::string DESCRIPTOR = "test.ITestAbility";
   
   class ITestAbility : public IRemoteBroker {
   public:
       DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(to_utf16(DESCRIPTOR));
       virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) = 0;
   };
   

Native侧开发步骤

服务端开发

1. 定义和实现服务端TestAbilityStub

   #include "iremote_stub.h"
   
   class TestAbilityStub : public IRemoteStub<ITestAbility> {
   public:
       virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
       int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
   };
   

2. 实现服务端业务函数具体实现类TestAbility

   class TestAbility : public TestAbilityStub {
   public:
       int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy);
   };
   

客户端开发

1. 定义和实现客户端 TestAbilityProxy

   #include "iremote_proxy.h"
   
   class TestAbilityProxy : public IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility> {
   public:
       explicit TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl);
       int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
   };
   

注册与调用

1. SA注册与启动

   auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
   samgr->AddSystemAbility(saId, new TestAbility());
   

2. SA获取与调用

   sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
   sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(saId);
   sptr<ITestAbility> testAbility = iface_cast<ITestAbility>(remoteObject);
   

ArkTS侧开发步骤

环境配置

1. 添加依赖

   import rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
   import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
   import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
   import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
   import window from '@ohos.window';
   

绑定Ability

1. 构造Want对象

   let want: Want = {
     bundleName: "ohos.rpc.test.server",
     abilityName: "ohos.rpc.test.server.ServiceAbility",
   };
   

2. 绑定Ability

   let connectId = this.context.connectServiceExtensionAbility(want, connect);
   

服务端处理客户端请求

1. 实现Stub类

   class Stub extends rpc.RemoteObject {
     onRemoteMessageRequest(code: number, data: rpc.MessageSequence, reply: rpc.MessageSequence, option: rpc.MessageOption): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
       // 处理请求
       return true;
     }
   }
   

客户端处理服务端响应

1. 发送请求

   proxy.sendMessageRequest(1, data, reply, option)
     .then((result: rpc.RequestResult) => {
       // 处理结果
     })
     .catch((e: Error) => {
       // 处理异常
     })
     .finally(() => {
       // 清理资源
     });
   

断开连接

1. 断开Ability连接

   this.context.disconnectServiceExtensionAbility(connectId);
   

相关实例

针对IPC与RPC通信开发，有以下相关实例可供参考：

• RPC通信（ArkTS）（API9）

结语

通过本指南，开发者可以了解如何在HarmonyOS中实现IPC和RPC通信，从而构建跨进程或跨设备的分布式应用。遵循上述步骤，结合具体业务需求，可以有效地开发出高性能、高可靠性的通信应用。