linux文件系统复习和总结

1.文件系统相关知识梳理

2.相关命令

2.1 blkid

查看当前被格式化的设备，下面结果显示的意思是sda1，sda2是物理硬盘，TYPE是代表文件系统的类型。UUID为系统中的存储设备提供唯一的标识字符串。

/dev/sda1: UUID="3cebc76f-8b3d-47a2-a578-97c734921bcb" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="44SQbo-7y9c-uOHS-rzJ0-XZkA-L38v-5AniPP" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="b2bbd263-58d9-44c8-a71d-f75fd3c08487" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="f4d6b932-f4cf-4f6d-9970-264db3c12bba" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="dac39b62-8cf9-4444-838c-0ea68e971b92" TYPE="xfs" 

2.2 dumpe2fs与xfs_info

dumpe2fs是ext文件系统下查看超级区块的信息，xfs_info是xfs文件系统中查看超积区块的信息。
以xfs文件系统为例：

[root@hugemachine ~]# xfs_info /dev/sda1
meta-data=/dev/sda1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

isize=512代表inode的大小，单位是B，ext的inode最大只有4B;
bsize=4096代表区块的大小。
sectsz=4096是代表每个扇区的大小

2.3 文件系统的简单操作

2.3.1 df

查看磁盘的使用情况，文件系统的挂载位置

Filesystem               1K-blocks    Used  Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   52403200 6914272   45488928  14% /
devtmpfs                 164935784       0  164935784   0% /dev
tmpfs                    164951780       0  164951780   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    164951780  543396  164408384   1% /run
tmpfs                    164951780       0  164951780   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                  1038336  182704     855632  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 1111991812 6803024 1105188788   1% /home
tmpfs                     32990360      12   32990348   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     32990360       0   32990360   0% /run/user/0

2.3.2 du

[root@hugemachine ~]# du -h
0       ./.cache/dconf
4.0K    ./.cache/imsettings
0       ./.cache/evolution/addressbook/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/addressbook
0       ./.cache/evolution/calendar/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/calendar
0       ./.cache/evolution/mail/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/mail
0       ./.cache/evolution/memos/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/memos
0       ./.cache/evolution/sources/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/sources
0       ./.cache/evolution/tasks/trash
0       ./.cache/evolution/tasks
0       ./.cache/evolution
0       ./.cache/gnome-shell
3.3M    ./.cache/tracker