特殊网页爬虫——VBA开发文档
作者：AntoniotheFuture
关键词：VBA，Access，网页爬虫，网抓
开发平台：Access
平台版本上限：2010
平台版本下限：尚未出现
开发语言：VBA
简介：目前在一家保险公司上班，统计数据需要经常从一个公司的网页系统中下载报表，操作比较简单，但是要操作的东西太多，比较烦人，对于日常数据的提取，我就想着如果可以定制任务就好了，正好我之前也有过一点点网页爬虫的经验，于是着手开始写，对于这个网页呢，有很多“不太友好”的地方，比如说：登陆进去之后会启动新窗口（可能是公司为了信息安全），点击的控件花样百出，不易定位，格式不尽相同，有些日期是MM-DD-YYYY，有些是YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM，而且网页内存在iframe，用传统的网页爬虫无法实现，在参阅了无数资料之后，今天终于开发出来了，现在分享给大家，共同进步。
功能描述：
- 可以预先按步骤设定任务，完全模拟网页中的手工操作，对各种控件进行操作，只需轻轻点击开始，网页即可自动填表，提交，等待报表在网页中产生即可。
- 可以重新获取IE的控制权，防止新窗口出现后丢失窗口。
- 可以根据预设参数获取时间和日期，如：下一个工作日的前一天的23:59:59。
- 加入“工作日表”，可在里面提前设定“补假”，“加班”等特殊工作日，准确判断下一工作日。
表设计：
首先是报表列表，用于定位网页中报表页面
因为网页中有多处重复的HTMLname，而且无法用其他方法定位控件，特加入“开始搜索位置”用于控件的查找
然后是控件表，用于定位表单页面中的控件，还可以根据预先设定的控件类型做不同的动作。
任务表，用于记录任务基本信息，比较简单
任务流程表，在窗体中定制的流程将会记录到这个表中：
下面是窗体部分：
控件详情和报表详情窗口，没什么特殊，可用于快速添加网页控件信息。
任务详情窗体，整合了任务创建，流程设置，登陆信息输入和执行功能
新建任务后，在增加流程按钮的左边输入要操作的控件和要输入的值类型和值的本身，完成整个任务定制后，保存即可执行，系统将会打开IE窗口并执行相应操作，省去不少时间，还能避免手动输入出错。
工作日表，用于记录工作日和更改工作日
下面是部分SQL查询：
报表列表查询
SELECT 报表列表.ID, 报表列表.报表名称
FROM 报表列表;
更改工作日类型子窗体
用于查找下一个工作日
SELECT 工作日表.*
FROM 工作日表
WHERE (((工作日表.工作日)>=DateAdd("d",-7,Date())))
ORDER BY 工作日表.工作日;
任务流程查询
用于在任务详情界面显示流程
SELECT 任务流程表.任务ID, 任务流程表.流程数, 任务流程表.打开报表, 任务流程表.表ID, [报表列表]![报表名称] AS表名, 任务流程表.控件ID, [element]![名称] AS 控件名, 任务流程表.控件值类型, 任务流程表.控件值
FROM (任务流程表 LEFTJOIN 报表列表 ON 任务流程表.表ID = 报表列表.ID) LEFT JOIN element ON 任务流程表.控件ID = element.ID
WHERE (((任务流程表.任务ID)=[Forms]![任务详情]![ID]));
任务流程转VBA
与VBA对接，包含了执行任务过程中所需的所有控件数据。
SELECT 任务流程表.ID, 任务流程表.任务ID, 任务流程表.流程数, 任务流程表.打开报表, 报表列表.报表名称, 报表列表.层级, 报表列表.一级, 报表列表.开始搜索位置, 报表列表.二级, 报表列表.是否使用二级网页位置, 报表列表.二级网页位置, 报表列表.三级, 报表列表.四级, element.名称, element.控件类型, element.值, element.数据类型, element.HTMLname,element.HTMLID, element.时间类型, 任务流程表.控件值类型, 任务流程表.控件值
FROM (任务流程表 LEFTJOIN 报表列表 ON 任务流程表.表ID = 报表列表.ID) LEFT JOIN element ON 任务流程表.控件ID = element.ID;
下面是VBA代码部分
更改工作日类型
'批量修改工作日
Private Sub Command20_Click()
Dim STemp2 As String
Dim i
If IsNull(Me.Text0) Then
MsgBox ("请输入开始日期！")
Exit Sub
ElseIf IsNull(Me.Text4) Then
MsgBox ("请输入结束日期！")
Exit Sub
ElseIf IsNull(Me.List40) Then
MsgBox ("请选择更改类型！")
Else
Dim Rs2 As ADODB.Recordset
Set Rs2 = New ADODB.Recordset
STemp2 = "select * From 工作日表 where 工作日 between #" & Me![Text0]& "# and #" & Me![Text4] & "#"
Rs2.Open STemp2, CurrentProject.Connection,adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic
For i = 1 To Rs2.RecordCount
Rs2("类型") = Me![List40]
Rs2.Update
Rs2.MoveNext
Next
Me.Refresh
MsgBox ("成功将"& i - 1 & "天更改为" & Me![List40])
Exit Sub
End If
Exit Sub
Rs2.Close
Set Rs2 = Nothing
End Sub自动登录并获取网页
用于对付窗口弹出问题
Private Sub Command268_Click()
'On Error Resume Next
'定义变量
Dim IE As Object
Dim webs, webs2, webs3, webs4, webs5, dmt,dmt1, dmt2, usrno, elements, element1, xxx
Dim vtag '网页对象
Dim loop1, loop2, loop3 '循环计数器
Dim objIE As Object, myHWND
Dim dWinFolder As New ShellWindows, t
Dim Czpmxurl As String, Czpmxname As String
Dim Czpmxhwnd As Long, aa '窗口句柄
Dim cifno$, cifcname$, ResultLink$
'text9 = 用户名 text11= 密码
'IE清除缓存&打开登录界面
Call DeleteCacheURLList
Set IE =CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
IE.Navigate"example.com"
IE.Visible = True '若=0 False不显示 ,=1 True 显示
IE.Silent = True
Do While IE.Busy Or IE.ReadyState <>4
DoEvents
Loop
delay Me.Combo17
Set dmt = IE.Document
IE.Document.getElementById("j_username").Value= Me.Text9
IE.Document.getElementById("j_password").Value= Me.Text11
delay 2
IE.Document.getElementById("j_password").focus
SendKeys "{enter}"
Do While IE.Busy Or IE.ReadyState <>4
DoEvents
Loop
delay Me.Combo17 + 3
Czpmxhwnd = FindWindow(vbNullString, "来自网页的消息") '根据窗口标题查找，找到后返回句柄
If Czpmxhwnd <> 0 Then
aa = SetForegroundWindow(Czpmxhwnd) '将网页调到前台
delay 1
SendKeys "{ENTER}", True
End If
delay 1
Call Command271_Click
End Sub任务执行
根据设定的任务，按流程对网页中控件进行操作
Private Sub Command271_Click()
'定义变量
Dim IE As Object
Dim webs, webs2, webs3, webs4, webs5, dmt,dmt1, dmt2, dmt3, dmt4, usrno, elements, element1, xxx, departmentNoHTML
Dim vtag, worktype '网页对象
Dim loop1, loop2, loop3, loop4 '循环计数器 1=网页对象查找，2= ，3=工作日确定，4=流程进行
Dim objIE As Object, myHWND
Dim dWinFolder As New ShellWindows, t
Dim Czpmxurl As String, Czpmxname As String
Dim Czpmxhwnd As Long, aa '窗口句柄
Dim cifno$, cifcname$, ResultLink$
Dim today0 '今天零点
Dim monthday10000 '当月零点
Dim nworkday '下一工作日
Dim nworkdaypday2359 '下一工作日前一天23点59分
Dim nworkday7 '下一工作日7点
Dim STemp3, STemp4 As String
Dim Rs3 As ADODB.Recordset
Dim Rs4 As ADODB.Recordset
Set Rs3 = New ADODB.Recordset
Set Rs4 = New ADODB.Recordset
workdaytype = "正常"
today0 = Format(Date & "00:00:00", "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS")
monthday10000 = Format(DateSerial(Year(Date),Month(Date), 1) & " 00:00:00", "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS")
STemp3 = "select * From 工作日表 where 类型 = " & "'" &workdaytype & "'" & "order by 工作日"
Rs3.Open STemp3, CurrentProject.Connection,adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic
For loop3 = 0 To Rs3.RecordCount
If DateDiff("d", Date, Rs3("工作日"))> 0 Then
nworkday = Rs3("工作日")
Exit For
ElseIf loop3 = Rs3.RecordCount Then
MsgBox ("请更新工作日表！")
Exit Sub
Exit For
Else
Rs3.MoveNext
End If
Next
nworkdaypday2359 =Format(DateAdd("d", -1, nworkday) & " 23:59:59","YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS")
nworkday7 = Format(nworkday & "07:00:00", "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS")
Do
For Each objIE In dWinFolder
If InStr(1, objIE.LocationURL, "elis-lcs.paic") > 0 Then
Czpmxname =objIE.LocationName '标题
Czpmxurl =objIE.LocationURL '链接
Exit Do '通过链接objIE.LocationURL包含的关键字查询，或用objIE.LocationName即窗口标题包含的关键字来查询
End If
Next
DoEvents
Loop
Set IE = objIE '转换ie窗口控制权
Do Until IE.ReadyState = 4 And IE.Busy = False
DoEvents
Loop
Set dmt = IE.Document
STemp4 = "select * From 任务流程转VBA where 任务ID = " & Me![任务ID] & " order by 流程数"
Rs4.Open STemp4, CurrentProject.Connection,adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic
For loop4 = 0 To Rs4.RecordCount - 1
If Rs4("打开报表") = True Then
继续:
Set elements = dmt.all.tags("a")
Debug.Print IE.ReadyState
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).innerText = Rs4("一级")Then
elements.Item(loop1).Click
Exit For
End If
Next
'特殊重名控件
For loop1 = Rs4("开始搜索位置") Toelements.length - 1
Ifelements.Item(loop1).innerText = Rs4("二级")Then
elements.Item(loop1).FireEvent ("onmouseover")
Exit For
End If
Next
delay 0.5
If Rs4("层级") = 3 Then
Set elements = dmt.all.tags("a")
Debug.Print IE.ReadyState
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).innerText = Rs4("三级")Then
elements.Item(loop1).Click
Exit For
End If
Next
ElseIf Rs4("层级") = 4 Then
Set elements = dmt.all.tags("a")
Debug.Print IE.ReadyState
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
Ifelements.Item(loop1).innerText = Rs4("三级")Then
elements.Item(loop1).FireEvent ("onmouseover")
Exit For
End If
Next
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).innerText =Rs4("四级") Then
elements.Item(loop1).Click
Exit For
End If
Next
delay 1
Else
MsgBox ("请在报表列表中添加报表层级！！！")
Exit Sub
End If
delay 5
GoTo 报表操作
Else '打开报表——结束
网页表单填写操作:
Set dmt1 = IE.Document.frames(1).Document 'getElementsByTagName("INPUT")(0)
Set elements = dmt1.all.tags("INPUT") 'Or "SELECT"
If Rs4("控件类型") = "文本框" Then
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If IsNull(Rs4("HTMLname")) = False Then
If elements.Item(loop1).Name =Rs4("HTMLname") Then
ID匹配:
Select Case Rs4("控件值类型")
Case "预先制定值"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Rs4("控件值")
Case "当时"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Format(Date & " " & Time(),Rs4("时间类型"))
Case "手动输入"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = InputBox("请输入"& Rs4("报表名称") & "中" & Rs4("名称") &"的值：(" & Rs4("时间类型") & ")", "请输入")
Case "当月0点"
elements.Item(loop1).Value= Format(monthday10000, Rs4("时间类型"))
Case "今天0点"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Format(today0, Rs4("时间类型"))
Case "下一工作日前一天23点59分"
elements.Item(loop1).Value= Format(nworkdaypday2359, Rs4("时间类型"))
Case "下一工作日7点"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Format(nworkday7, Rs4("时间类型"))
Case "本月份"
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Format(Date, Rs4("时间类型"))
End Select
Exit For
End If
Else
If elements.Item(loop1).ID =Rs4("HTMLID") Then
GoTo ID匹配
End If
End If
Next
ElseIf Rs4("控件类型") = "复选框" Then
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).Value =Rs4("值") Then
elements.Item(loop1).Click
Exit For
End If
Next
ElseIf Rs4("控件类型") = "单选框" Then
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).Name =Rs4("HTMLname") Then
elements.Item(loop1).Click
Exit For
End If
Next
ElseIf Rs4("控件类型") = "按钮" Then
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If elements.Item(loop1).Value =Rs4("值") Then
elements.Item(loop1).FireEvent ("onclick")
delay 2
Exit For
End If
Next
ElseIf Rs4("控件类型") = "下拉框" Then
Set elements = dmt1.all.tags("select")
For loop1 = 0 To elements.length - 1
If IsNull(Rs4("HTMLname"))= False Then
Ifelements.Item(loop1).Name = Rs4("HTMLname") Then
ID匹配2:
elements.Item(loop1).Value = Rs4("控件值")
Exit For
End If
Else
If elements.Item(loop1).ID= Rs4("HTMLID") Then
GoTo ID匹配2
End If
End If
Next
End If
Rs4.MoveNext
End If
下一步:
Next
Me.Refresh
Exit Sub
Rs3.Close
Rs4.Close
Set Rs3 = Nothing
Set Rs4 = Nothing
End Sub任务控件添加
用于在任务详情界面中添加需要操作的控件。
Private Sub Command45_Click()
Dim STemp As String
Dim Rs As ADODB.Recordset
Set Rs = New ADODB.Recordset
STemp = "select * From 任务流程表 where 任务ID = " & Me![任务ID]
Rs.Open STemp, CurrentProject.Connection,adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic
Rs.AddNew
Rs("任务ID")= Me![任务ID]
Rs("流程数")= Rs.RecordCount + 1
Rs("表ID")= Me.Combo60
Rs("表名")= Me.Combo60.Column(1)
Rs("控件ID")= Me.Combo66
Rs("控件名")= Me.Combo66.Column(1)
Rs("控件值类型")= Me.Combo100
Rs("控件值")= Text76
Rs("打开报表")= Me.Check319
Rs.Update
Me.Refresh
Exit Sub
Rs.Close
Set Rs = Nothing
End Sub寻找已打开IE
Declare Function FindWindow Lib"user32" Alias "FindWindowA" (ByVal lpClassName As String,ByVal lpWindowName As String) As Long
Declare Function SetForegroundWindow Lib"user32" (ByVal HWnd As Long) As Long窗口寻找
Private Const ERROR_CACHE_FIND_FAIL As Long= 0
Private Const ERROR_CACHE_FIND_SUCCESS AsLong = 1
Private Const ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND As Long= 2
Private Const ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED As Long =5
Private Const ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER AsLong = 122
Private Const MAX_PATH As Long = 260
Private Const MAX_CACHE_ENTRY_INFO_SIZE AsLong = 4096
Private Const LMEM_FIXED As Long = &H0
Private Const LMEM_ZEROINIT As Long =&H40
Private Const LPTR As Long = (LMEM_FIXED OrLMEM_ZEROINIT)
Private Const NORMAL_CACHE_ENTRY As Long =&H1
Private Const EDITED_CACHE_ENTRY As Long =&H8
Private Const TRACK_OFFLINE_CACHE_ENTRY AsLong = &H10
Private Const TRACK_ONLINE_CACHE_ENTRY AsLong = &H20
Private Const STICKY_CACHE_ENTRY As Long =&H40
Private Const SPARSE_CACHE_ENTRY As Long =&H10000
Private Const COOKIE_CACHE_ENTRY As Long =&H100000
Private Const URLHISTORY_CACHE_ENTRY AsLong = &H200000
Private Const URLCACHE_FIND_DEFAULT_FILTER AsLong = NORMAL_CACHE_ENTRY Or _
COOKIE_CACHE_ENTRY Or _
URLHISTORY_CACHE_ENTRY Or _
TRACK_OFFLINE_CACHE_ENTRY Or _
TRACK_ONLINE_CACHE_ENTRY Or _
STICKY_CACHE_ENTRY
Private Type FILETIME
dwLowDateTime As Long
dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type
Private Type INTERNET_CACHE_ENTRY_INFO
dwStructSize As Long
lpszSourceUrlName As Long
lpszLocalFileName As Long
CacheEntryType As Long
dwUseCount As Long
dwHitRate As Long
dwSizeLow As Long
dwSizeHigh As Long
LastModifiedTime As FILETIME
ExpireTime As FILETIME
LastAccessTime As FILETIME
LastSyncTime As FILETIME
lpHeaderInfo As Long
dwHeaderInfoSize As Long
lpszFileExtension As Long
dwExemptDelta As Long
End Type
Private Declare FunctionFindFirstUrlCacheEntry Lib "wininet" Alias"FindFirstUrlCacheEntryA" (ByVal lpszUrlSearchPattern As String,lpFirstCacheEntryInfo As Any, lpdwFirstCacheEntryInfoBufferSize As Long) AsLong
Private Declare FunctionFindNextUrlCacheEntry Lib "wininet" Alias "FindNextUrlCacheEntryA"(ByVal hEnumHandle As Long, lpNextCacheEntryInfo As Any,lpdwNextCacheEntryInfoBufferSize As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function FindCloseUrlCacheLib "wininet" (ByVal hEnumHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare FunctionDeleteUrlCacheEntry Lib "wininet" Alias"DeleteUrlCacheEntryA" (ByVal lpszUrlName As String) As Long
Private Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib"kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (pDest As Any, pSource AsAny, ByVal dwLength As Long)
Private Declare Function lstrcpyA Lib"kernel32" (ByVal RetVal As String, ByVal Ptr As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function lstrlenA Lib"kernel32" (ByVal Ptr As Any) As Long
Private Declare Function LocalAlloc Lib"kernel32" (ByVal uFlags As Long, ByVal uBytes As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function LocalFree Lib"kernel32" (ByVal hMem As Long) As Long
Public Sub DeleteCacheURLList()
Dim icei As INTERNET_CACHE_ENTRY_INFO
Dim hFile As Long
Dim cachefile As String
Dim posUrl As Long
Dim posEnd As Long
Dim dwBuffer As Long
Dim pntrICE As Long
hFile = FindFirstUrlCacheEntry(0&, ByVal 0, dwBuffer)
If(hFile = ERROR_CACHE_FIND_FAIL) And _
(Err.LastDllError = ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) Then
pntrICE = LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED, dwBuffer)
If pntrICE <> 0 Then
CopyMemory ByVal pntrICE, dwBuffer, 4
hFile = FindFirstUrlCacheEntry(vbNullString, _
ByValpntrICE, _
dwBuffer)
If hFile <> ERROR_CACHE_FIND_FAIL Then
Do
CopyMemory icei, ByVal pntrICE,Len(icei)
If (icei.CacheEntryType And _
NORMAL_CACHE_ENTRY) =NORMAL_CACHE_ENTRY Then
cachefile =GetStrFromPtrA(icei.lpszSourceUrlName)
Call DeleteUrlCacheEntry(cachefile)
End If
Call LocalFree(pntrICE)
dwBuffer = 0
CallFindNextUrlCacheEntry(hFile, ByVal 0, dwBuffer)
'allocate and assign the memoryto the pointer
pntrICE =LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED, dwBuffer)
CopyMemory ByVal pntrICE,dwBuffer, 4
DoEvents
Loop While FindNextUrlCacheEntry(hFile, ByVal pntrICE, dwBuffer)
End If 'hFile
End If 'pntrICE
End If 'hFile
Call LocalFree(pntrICE)
Call FindCloseUrlCache(hFile)
End Sub
Private Function GetStrFromPtrA(ByVal lpszAAs Long) As String
GetStrFromPtrA = String$(lstrlenA(ByVal lpszA), 0)
Call lstrcpyA(ByVal GetStrFromPtrA, ByVal lpszA)
End Function
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