(记住:这里只是提供思考的过程)
其实这里只是一个我们课的Web实验”课程设计题目统计系统“,在做实验的过程中起初只是想往MVC靠拢而已,却不知不觉地“实现”了基于MVC的简单框架的雏形,可能这个框架雏形还有许多BUG(毕竟这只是一个“简单”的框架而已嘛,勿喷),望读者发现后能够指出,谢谢。
该雏形并不是单一入口框架,后续还将进行修改。
这里列出的是,我做实验过程中的一些实验体会和遇到的问题:
(1) 如何将存在于控制器中的display模板呢?(参考:http://www.3lian.com/edu/2015/06-18/222798.html)
我们可以使用 include 的方式引入模板,显示视图。
(2) 这里遇到了一个问题:include 引入模板文件时,我使用了如 include '../showStudent.php?info=add' 的方式,结果出现了寻找不到该文件的提示,起初我以为是因为路径搞错了的原因,经过不上10几次的修改测试,最后才意识到:include文件时应该不能传递参数吧(参考: http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=jUrghtWyr0YljXb3rIg4aimd8_0qxq29Vqe2XMCNJQM35KLBBlIT6SUhaX82aTolSuifwRBIKHSSyTI4jbHbs_ )。是的,仔细想想,就能明白include只是用于引入文件而已,不是传递GET参数,这样当然会出错咯。我自己搞笑了。如果要传递参数,那么可以改成在include设置好变量的值不就行啦。
(3) 我们如何将变量注册到模板上呢(控制器中的变量让模板进行使用)?
(参考:php模板技术php是怎么向模板中传值的呢? http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=QhJKIykE8puBK82S7pW_nPzR8pMTf_tNILdG06sAgEMHQhm9bdVnjS1X4lUT68yJOLvyrILl9KixFHkVR4nSs_ )
刚才已经知道了,我们可以include 文件的方式引入模板,那么我们只要在include之前定义好变量,我们就可以在模板文件中“名正言顺”地使用这些变量了。注册变量到模板的实现,可以查看一下我的源码。
(4) 注册变量到模板的过程与ThinkPHP的方式类似,实现的话,我目前没去查看ThinkPHP源码进行比较。我这里的实现需要使用到一个 PHP函数——extract()(参考: http://www.w3school.com.cn/php/func_array_extract.asp )
extract() 函数从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表。
实例
将键值 "Cat"、"Dog" 和 "Horse" 赋值给变量 $a、$b 和 $c:
<?php
$a = "Original";
$my_array = array("a" => "Cat","b" => "Dog", "c" => "Horse");extract($my_array);
echo "\$a = $a; \$b = $b; \$c = $c";
?>
那么我们就可以使用,一个assign注册方法,提供传入两个参数,第1个参数为使用在模板上的变量名 key,第2个参数为该变量的值 value。先以 key=>value的方式,存入到数组中,到需要显示模板的时候,我们就可以通过extract()方法将其转化为变量,变量名为key的值,变量的值为value。
(5)实现分页过程中:mysql中orderby和limit同时使用的bug(参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_705cc5dd01012ehb.html )
起初我的SQL语句是这样的:SELECT * FROM students LIMIT 0,20 ORDER BY sno,结果报错,应该修改为:SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT 0 , 20。
(6)单一入口框架(参考: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_15096707/article/details/50766755 )
关键代码:
基本控制器类 Controller.class.php (所有自定义的控制器都将继承于该类)
<?php
class Controller {
const TPL_PATH = '../'; //当前控制器与模板的相对位置(实际上可以该在配置文件上)
private $data = array(); //保存注册到模板上的变量
/**
* 验证变量是否存在,是否为空
* @param [type] $v [需要进行验证的变量]
* @return [type] [true | false]
*/
function validate($v) {
if(!isset($v) || empty($v)) return false;
return true;
}
/**
* 重定向
* @param [type] $url [重定向的URL地址]
* @return [type] [description]
*/
function redirect($url) {
header('Location:' . self::TPL_PATH .$url);
exit;
}
/**
* 注册模板上的变量
* @param [type] $key [应用在模板上的变量名]
* @param [type] $value [变量对应的值]
* @return [type] [当前对象的引用,提供链式写法]
*/
function assign($key, $value) {
$this->data[$key] = $value;
return $this;
}
/**
* 显示page模板
* @param [type] $page [模板的名称]
* @return [type] [description]
*/
function display($page) {
if($this->validate($this->data)) {
extract($this->data);
$this->data = array();
}
include self::TPL_PATH . $page;
}
}
?>
基本模型类Model.class.php(所有自定义的模型类都将继承于该类)
<?php
require_once 'SqlHelper.class.php';
class Model {
private $sqlHelper;
function __construct() {
$this->sqlHelper = new SqlHelper();
}
function execute_dql_res($sql) {
return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_res($sql);
}
function execute_dql_arr($sql) {
return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_arr($sql);
}
function execute_dml($sql) {
return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dml($sql);
}
}
?>
数据库操作类 SqlHelper.class.php
<?php
class SqlHelper {
private $mysqli;
private $host = 'localhost';
private $user = 'root';
private $pwd = '123';
private $db = 'test';
private $port = 3306;
public function __construct() {
//完成初始化任务
if(defined('SAE_MYSQL_DB')) { //判断是否是云平台
$this->host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M;
$this->user = SAE_MYSQL_USER;
$this->pwd = SAE_MYSQL_PASS;
$this->db = SAE_MYSQL_DB;
$this->port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT;
}
$this->mysqli = new MySQLi($this->host, $this->user, $this->pwd, $this->db, $this->port);
if($this->mysqli->connect_error) {
die('连接失败' . $this->mysqli->connect_error);
}
//设置访问数据库的字符集
//这句话的作用是保证php是以utf8的方式来操作我们的mysql数据库
$this->mysqli->query("SET NAMES utf8") or die($this->mysqli->error);
}
public function execute_dql_res($sql) {
$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error);
return $res;
}
public function execute_dql_arr($sql) {
$arr = array();
$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error);
while($row = $res->fetch_assoc()) {
$arr[] = $row;
}
$res->free_result();
return $arr;
}
public function execute_dml($sql) {
$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql)/* or die('操作dml失败' . $this->mysqli->error)*/;
if(!$res) {
return 0; //表示失败
} else {
if($this->mysqli->affected_rows > 0) {
return 1; //表示成功
} else {
return 2; //表示没有行受到影响
}
}
}
public function __destruct() {
$this->mysqli->close();
}
}
?>
下面是基于这个雏形的实验代码(界面采用了Bootstrap框架):
目录结构如下:
实验运行结果:
input.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>课程设计题目统计系统</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="col-sm-3"></div>
<div class="col-sm-6 content">
<h2>课程设计题目统计系统</h2>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="Controller/InputController.php" method="POST">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="number" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生学号:</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="number" placeholder="输入12位学号" name="sno">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生姓名:</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名" name="name">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password" class="col-sm-3 control-label">修改密码:</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="首次输入作为后面修改的密码" name="psw">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="title" class="col-sm-3 control-label">你的题目:</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="按照课程设计题目要求" name="title">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">合作学生:</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名,没有就空,只负责不同方面" name="partner">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="action" value="add" checked="checked"> 新增题目
</label>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="action" value="modify"> 修改试题
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交操作</button>
<a href="Controller/showController.php">显示全部学生题目</a>
</div>
</div>
<?php
$err = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!', 'add'=>'新增题目失败,原因可能为已新增过题目了,请尝试选择“修改试题”进行提交!', 'modify'=>'修改试题失败,原因可能为:1.未新增过题目;2.学生学号输入错误;3.修改密码输入错误!');
if($_GET['err']) {
?>
<p class="info"><span style="font-weight: bold">错误:</span><?php echo $err[$_GET['err']];?></p>
<?php
}
?>
</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-3"></div>
</div>
<!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
<script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
<script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
showStudent.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>课程设计题目统计系统</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style>
p.info {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
</style>
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="content">
<?php
if($info) {
if($info == 'add') {
$fo = '新增';
} else if($info == 'modify') {
$fo = '修改';
}
?>
<p class="info"><marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left"><span style="font-weight: bold">消息:</span><?php echo $fo . '题目成功!';?></marquee></p>
<?php
}
?>
<table class="table table-hover">
<caption><h3>学生课程设计题目</h3></caption>
<?php
if(!isset($res) || empty($res)) {
echo '<tr><td>暂无学生题目</td></tr>';
} else {
?>
<thead>
<tr>
<!-- <th>删除</th> -->
<th>序号</th>
<th>学号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>题目</th>
<th>状态</th>
<th>录入时间</th>
<th>合作学生</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<?php
$i = $start ? $start : 1;
foreach ($res as $value) {
echo '<tr>';
echo "<th scope='row'>$i</th>";
echo "<td>{$value['sno']}</td>";
echo "<td>{$value['name']}</td>";
echo "<td>{$value['title']}</td>";
echo "<td>{$value['state']}</td>";
echo "<td>{$value['last_time']}</td>";
echo "<td>{$value['partner']}</td>";
echo '</tr>';
$i++;
}
?>
</tbody>
<?php
}
?>
</table>
<nav>
<ul class="pager">
<li>
<?php
if($prePage) {
if($prePage >= 1) {
echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$prePage'>上一页</a>";
}
}
?>
</li>
<li>
<?php
if($nextPage) {
if($nextPage >= 1) {
echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$nextPage'>下一页</a>";
}
}
?>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<a href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/input.php">返回输入界面</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
<script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
<script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
style.css
body {
font-family: "微软雅黑", "Microsoft YaHei";
background-color: #E8DDCB;
}
.content {
border: 1px solid #DDD;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ABCEDF;
padding: 0 20px 20px;
background-color: #FFF;
margin: 50px 0;
filter:alpha(opacity=100); /* ie 有效*/
-moz-opacity: 1; /* Firefox 有效*/
opacity: 1; /* 通用,其他浏览器 有效*/
animation: contentAnim 1s;
-moz-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Firefox */
-webkit-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Safari 和 Chrome */
-o-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Opera */
}
.content h2 {
text-align: center;
margin: 30px 0;
}
@keyframes contentAnim {
from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}
to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}
}
@-moz-keyframes contentAnim { /* Firefox */
from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}
to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}
}
@-webkit-keyframes contentAnim { /* Safari 和 Chrome */
from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}
to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}
}
@-o-keyframes contentAnim { /* Opera */
from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}
to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}
}
p.info {
margin: 20px 0;
padding: 10px 30px;
background-color: #E8DDCB;
border: 1px solid #CCC;
border-radius: 5px;
}
基本控制器类Controller.class.php 和 基本模型类 Model.class.php 在上面已经列出。
InputController.class.php
<?php
require_once 'Controller.class.php';
require_once '../Model/StudentModel.class.php';
class InputController extends Controller {
protected $required = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!');
function check() {
foreach ($this->required as $key => $value) {
if(!$this->validate($_POST[$key])) {
$this->redirect('input.php?err=' . $key);
}
}
}
function doAction() {
if($this->validate($_POST['action'])) {
if($_POST['action'] == 'add') {
$this->add();
} else {
$this->modify();
}
}
}
function add() {
$studentModel = new StudentModel();
if($studentModel->add()) {
$this->assign('info', 'add')->show();
} else {
$this->redirect('input.php?err=add');
}
}
function modify() {
//echo 'modify';
$studentModel = new StudentModel();
if($studentModel->modify()) {
$this->assign('info', 'modify')->show();
} else {
$this->redirect('input.php?err=modify');
}
}
function show() {
$studentModel = new StudentModel();
$cur = 1; //当前页数第一页
if($this->validate($_GET['cur'])) {
$cur = $_GET['cur'];
}
$res = $studentModel->page($cur);
$this->assign('res', $res)->assign('start', ($cur-1) * $studentModel->getEachPageLen() + 1)->assign('prePage', $cur-1)->assign('nextPage', $cur+1)->display('showStudent.php');
}
}
?>
inputController.php
<?php
require_once 'InputController.class.php';
$inputC = new InputController();
$inputC->check();
$inputC->doAction();
?>
showController.php
<?php
require_once 'InputController.class.php';
$inputC = new InputController();
$inputC->show();
?>
<?php
require_once 'Model.class.php';
class StudentModel extends Model {
private $eachPageLen = 15;
//新增数据
function add() {
$sno = $_POST['sno'];
$name = $_POST['name'];
$psw = $_POST['psw'];
$title = $_POST['title'];
$partner = $_POST['partner'];
$sql = "INSERT INTO students(`sno`, `name`, `psw`, `title`, `last_time`, `partner`) VALUES('$sno', '$name', '$psw', '$title', now(), '$partner')";
$res = $this->execute_dml($sql);
if($res == 1) {
return 1; //新增题目成功
} else {
return 0; //新增题目失败
}
}
//修改数据
function modify() {
$sno = $_POST['sno'];
$psw = $_POST['psw'];
$title = $_POST['title'];
$partner = !isset($_POST['partner']) || empty($_POST['partner']) ? '' : $_POST['partner'];
$sql = "UPDATE students SET `title` = '$title', `partner` = '$partner' WHERE `sno` = '$sno' AND `psw` = '$psw'";
$res = $this->execute_dml($sql);
if($res == 1) {
return 1; //修改题目成功
} else {
return 0; //修改题目失败
}
}
//分页查询数据
function page($cur) {
$length = $this->eachPageLen;
$offset = ($cur - 1) * $length;
$sql = "SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT $offset,$length";
return $arr = $this->execute_dql_arr($sql);
}
//得到每页的页数
function getEachPageLen() {
return $this->eachPageLen;
}
}
?>