overlay 网络原理
在创建完一个overlay网络之后,通过docker network ls可以看到网络中不仅多了一个我们创建的 ov_net2 (类型为overlay、scope为global),还能看到一个名为 docker_gwbridge (类型为bridge、scope为local)。这其实就是 overlay 网络的工作原理所在。
通过brctl show可以看出,每创建一个网络类型为overlay的容器,则docker_gwbridge下都会挂载一个vethxxx,这说明确实overlay容器是通过此网桥进行对外连接的。
简单的说 overlay 网络数据还是从 bridge 网络docker_gwbridge出去的,但是由于consul的作用(记录了overlay网络的endpoint、sandbox、network等信息),使得docker知道了此网络是 overlay 类型的,这样此overlay网络下的不同主机之间就能够相互访问,但其实出口还是在docker_gwbridge网桥。
none、bridge网络前面已经介绍。bridge就是网桥,虚拟交换机,通过veth连接其与sandbox。
#
[root@hadoop02 module]# ifconfig
...
docker_gwbridge: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.18.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.18.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:27ff:fe23:50a5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:27:23:50:a5 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5572762 bytes 5363737791 (4.9 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2790221 bytes 1108041657 (1.0 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
...
[root@hadoop02 module]# docker network inspect docker_gwbridge
[
{
"Name": "docker_gwbridge",
"Id": "a53c5da0d0621958dd8ea1de03ad2dbe5af03de13f6181560ce1830813ad3d59",
"Created": "2021-06-23T17:37:13.256826435+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
}
]
},
...
[root@hadoop02 module]#
[root@hadoop02 module]# ping 172.27.0.101
PING 172.27.0.101 (172.27.0.101) 56(84) bytes of data.
################## 宿主机添加路由 #################
[root@hadoop02 module]# route add -net 172.27.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 172.18.0.1 dev docker_gwbridge
[root@hadoop02 module]# ping 172.27.0.101
PING 172.27.0.101 (172.27.0.101) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.27.0.101: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
64 bytes from 172.27.0.101: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
^C
--- 172.27.0.101 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1041ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.073/0.074/0.008 ms
[root@hadoop02 module]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.153.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
link-local 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker_gwbridge
172.27.0.0 172.18.0.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 docker_gwbridge
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.153.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
[root@hadoop02 module]#