ffmpeg 从视频中提取图像

原理就是，提取出视频流，然后进行解码，将解码后的数据转化为bitmap进行保存。

如何解码可以查看https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15255121/article/details/116330738

下面是完整的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#define INBUF_SIZE 4096

#define WORD uint16_t
#define DWORD uint32_t
#define LONG int32_t

#pragma pack(2)
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER {
  WORD  bfType;
  DWORD bfSize;
  WORD  bfReserved1;
  WORD  bfReserved2;
  DWORD bfOffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER, *PBITMAPFILEHEADER;


typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER {
  DWORD biSize;
  LONG  biWidth;
  LONG  biHeight;
  WORD  biPlanes;
  WORD  biBitCount;
  DWORD biCompression;
  DWORD biSizeImage;
  LONG  biXPelsPerMeter;
  LONG  biYPelsPerMeter;
  DWORD biClrUsed;
  DWORD biClrImportant;
} BITMAPINFOHEADER, *PBITMAPINFOHEADER;

void saveBMP(AVFrame *pFrameRGB, char *filename)
{
    //1 先进行转换,  YUV420=>RGB24:

    int numBytes=av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, pFrameRGB->width, 
            pFrameRGB->height, 32);




    //2 构造 BITMAPINFOHEADER
    BITMAPINFOHEADER header;
    header.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);


    header.biWidth = pFrameRGB->width;
    header.biHeight = pFrameRGB->height*(-1);
    header.biBitCount = 24;
    header.biCompression = 0;
    header.biSizeImage = 0;
    header.biClrImportant = 0;
    header.biClrUsed = 0;
    header.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
    header.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
    header.biPlanes = 1;

    //3 构造文件头
    BITMAPFILEHEADER bmpFileHeader = {0,};
    //HANDLE hFile = NULL;
    DWORD dwTotalWriten = 0;
    DWORD dwWriten;

    bmpFileHeader.bfType = 0x4d42; //'BM';
    bmpFileHeader.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+ numBytes;
    bmpFileHeader.bfOffBits=sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);

    FILE* pf = fopen(filename, "wb+");
    fwrite(&bmpFileHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, pf);
    fwrite(&header, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, pf);
    fwrite(pFrameRGB->data[0], 1, numBytes, pf);
    fclose(pf);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char* in_file = NULL;
    char* out_file = NULL;
    av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_INFO);
    if(argc < 3){
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "缺少输入文件和输出文件参数");
        return -1;
    }
    in_file = argv[1];
    out_file = argv[2];

    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext *cod_ctx = NULL;
    AVCodec *cod = NULL;
    struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx = NULL;
    int ret = 0;
    AVPacket packet;

    //第一步创建输入文件AVFormatContext
    fmt_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
    if (fmt_ctx == NULL)
    {
        ret = -1;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"alloc fail");
        goto __ERROR;
    }
    if (avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, in_file, NULL, NULL) != 0)
    {
        ret = -1;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"open fail");
        goto __ERROR;
    }

    //第二步 查找文件相关流，并初始化AVFormatContext中的流信息
    if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0)
    {
        ret = -1;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"find stream fail");
        goto __ERROR;
    }

    av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, in_file, 0);

    //第三步查找视频流索引和解码器
    int stream_index = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, &cod, -1);

    //第四步设置解码器上下文并打开解码器
    AVCodecParameters *codecpar = fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codecpar;
    if (!cod)
    {
        ret = -1;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"find codec fail");
        goto __ERROR;
    }
    cod_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(cod);
    avcodec_parameters_to_context(cod_ctx, codecpar);
    ret = avcodec_open2(cod_ctx, cod, NULL);
    if (ret < 0)
    {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"can't open codec");
        goto __ERROR;
    }


    //创建packet,用于存储解码前的数据
    av_init_packet(&packet);


    //第六步创建Frame，用于存储解码后的数据
    AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
    frame->width = codecpar->width;
    frame->height = codecpar->height;
    frame->format = codecpar->format;
    av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 32);

    AVFrame *bmp_frame = av_frame_alloc();
    bmp_frame->width = codecpar->width;
    bmp_frame->height = codecpar->height;
    bmp_frame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
    av_frame_get_buffer(bmp_frame, 32);

    // size_t writesize = av_image_get_buffer_size(frame->format, frame->width,frame->height, 32);
    //第七步重采样初始化与设置参数
    // uint8_t **data = (uint8_t **)av_calloc((size_t)out_channels, sizeof(*data))
                                      
    img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(codecpar->width, 
                                    codecpar->height, 
                                    codecpar->format, 
                                    codecpar->width, 
                                    codecpar->height, 
                                    bmp_frame->format, 
                                    SWS_BICUBIC, 
                                    NULL, NULL, NULL);

    //while循环，每次读取一帧，并转码
    //第八步 读取数据并解码,重采样进行保存
    int count = 0;
    int frame_count = 0;
    while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &packet) >= 0)
    {
        if (packet.stream_index != stream_index)
        {
            av_packet_unref(&packet);
            continue;
        }

        
        ret = avcodec_send_packet(cod_ctx, &packet);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            ret = -1;
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"decode error");
            goto __ERROR;
        }
        
        while (avcodec_receive_frame(cod_ctx, frame) >= 0)
        {
            char buf[1024];
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,"decode frame count = %d\n" , count++);
            sws_scale(img_convert_ctx,
                         (const uint8_t **)frame->data, 
                        frame->linesize,
                        0,
                        codecpar->height, 
                        bmp_frame->data,
                        bmp_frame->linesize);
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%d.bmp", out_file, frame_count);

            saveBMP(bmp_frame, buf);
            ++frame_count;
        }

        av_packet_unref(&packet);
    }

     while(1)
    {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,"flush decode \n");
        ret = avcodec_send_packet(cod_ctx, NULL);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            ret = -1;
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,"flush decode error\n");
            goto __ERROR;
        }

        while (avcodec_receive_frame(cod_ctx, frame) >= 0)
        {
          char buf[1024];
           av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,"flush decode frame count = %d" , count++);
           sws_scale(img_convert_ctx,
                         (const uint8_t **)frame->data, 
                        frame->linesize,
                        0,
                        codecpar->height, 
                        bmp_frame->data,
                         bmp_frame->linesize);
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d.bmp", frame_count);

            saveBMP(bmp_frame, buf);
            ++frame_count;
        }
    
    }



__ERROR:
    if (fmt_ctx)
    {
        avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
        avformat_free_context(fmt_ctx);
    }

    if (cod_ctx)
    {
        avcodec_close(cod_ctx);
        avcodec_free_context(&cod_ctx);
    }


    if (frame)
    {
        av_frame_free(&frame);
    }

    if (bmp_frame)
    {
        av_freep(&bmp_frame[0]);
        av_frame_free(&bmp_frame);
    }

    if(img_convert_ctx)
    {
        sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
    }


    return ret;
}