java学习第41天，顺序查找与折半查找

1. 顺序查找使用岗哨可以节约一半的时间. 为此, 第 0 个位置不可以放有意义的数据, 即有效数据只有 length - 1 个。
2. 顺序查找时间复杂度为 O ( n ) O(n)O(n)。
3. 折半查找时间复杂度为 O ( log ⁡ n ) O(\log n)O(logn)。
4. 书上为简化起见, 只关注键. 这里使用键值对来表示一条完整的数据. 实际应用中可以把 content 改成任何想要的数据类型

package java41to50;

public class D41_DataArray {
	class DataNode {
		int key;
		String content;

		DataNode(int paraKey, String paraContent) {
			key = paraKey;
			content = paraContent;
		}

		public String toString() {
			return "(" + key + ", " + content + ") ";
		}
	}

	DataNode[] data;
	int length;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("\r\n-------顺序搜索测试-------");
		sequentialSearchTest();
		System.out.println("\r\n-------二进制搜索测试-------");
		binarySearchTest();
	}

	public D41_DataArray(int[] keyArray, String[] contentArray) {
		length = keyArray.length;
		data = new DataNode[length];
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			data[i] = new DataNode(keyArray[i], contentArray[i]);
		}
	}

	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "数据数组的项目个数：" + length + " .\r\n";
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			resultString += data[i] + " ";
		}
		return resultString;
	}

	public String sequentialSearch(int key) {
		data[0].key = key;
		int i;
		for (i = length - 1; data[i].key != key; i--) {
			;
		}
		return data[i].content;
	}

	public static void sequentialSearchTest() {
		int[] unsortedKeys = { -1, 5, 3, 6, 10, 7, 1, 9 };
		String[] contents = { "null", "if", "then", "else", "switch", "case", "for", "while" };
		D41_DataArray dataArray = new D41_DataArray(unsortedKeys, contents);
		System.out.println(dataArray);
		System.out.println("Search result of 10 is: " + dataArray.sequentialSearch(10));
		System.out.println("Search result of 5 is: " + dataArray.sequentialSearch(5));
		System.out.println("Search result of 4 is: " + dataArray.sequentialSearch(4));
	}

	public String binarySearch(int key) {
		int left = 0;
		int right = length - 1;
		int middle = (left + right) / 2;

		while (left <= right) {
			middle = (left + right) / 2;
			if (data[middle].key == key) {
				return data[middle].content;
			} else if (data[middle].key <= key) {
				left = middle + 1;
			} else {
				right = middle - 1;
			}
		}
		return "null";
	}

	public static void binarySearchTest() {
		int[] sortedKeys = { 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 };
		String[] contents = { "if", "then", "else", "switch", "case", "for", "while" };
		D41_DataArray dataArray = new D41_DataArray(sortedKeys, contents);
		System.out.println(dataArray);
		System.out.println("Search result of 10 is: " + dataArray.binarySearch(10));
		System.out.println("Search result of 5 is: " + dataArray.binarySearch(5));
		System.out.println("Search result of 4 is: " + dataArray.binarySearch(4));
	}
}

输出结果：

-------顺序搜索测试-------
数据数组的项目个数：8 .
(-1, null)  (5, if)  (3, then)  (6, else)  (10, switch)  (7, case)  (1, for)  (9, while)  
Search result of 10 is: switch
Search result of 5 is: if
Search result of 4 is: null

-------二进制搜索测试-------
数据数组的项目个数：7 .
(1, if)  (3, then)  (5, else)  (6, switch)  (7, case)  (9, for)  (10, while)  
Search result of 10 is: while
Search result of 5 is: else
Search result of 4 is: null