什么是Eureka
Eureka是一个管理服务的组件,Eureka和Consul、Zookeeper类似,是一个用于服务注册和发现的组件,是一个完全开源的组件,Spring Cloud首选推荐的服务注册和发现组件。它和其他的Spring Cloud组件,比如负载均衡Ribbon、熔断器组件Hystrix、熔断器监控组件Hystrix Dashboard组件、熔断器聚合监控Turbine组件,以及网关Zuul组件相互配合,能够很容易实现服务注册、负载均衡、熔断和只能路由等功能。这些都是由Netflix公司开源的,一起被称为Nettflix OSS组件。踏实Spring Cloud 架构微服务的核心组件,也是基础组件。
Eureka的基本架构主要包含了
Register Service:服务注册中心,是一个Eureka Server,提供服务注册和发现功能。
Provider Service:服务提供者, 它是一个Eureka Client,提供服务。
Consumer Service:服务消费者,它是一个Eureka Client,消费服务。
编写Eureka Server
开发前需要确保电脑安装了JDK、MAVEN工具、IDEA。
案例中会有多个Spring Boot工程,为了方便管理使用Maven 多Module的结构,首先需要创建maven主工程SpringCloudParent,主工程的pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloudParent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
创建完主工程后创建Module工程,命名为eureka-server,使用Spring Initializr的方式创建引入依赖eureka-server,对应pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloudParent</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml配置Eureka Server的端口,地址之类的
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
在启动类上加上@EnableEurekaServer,启动完成后访问lhttp://localhost:8761/
出现以上界面,Eureka-server开发完成。
编写Eureka Client
在主工程下创建新的Module工程,命名eureka-client,该工程作为Eureka-Client的工程向服务注册中心注册。pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloudParent</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
修改application.yml
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: eureka-client
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
在启动类上加@EnableEurekaClient 注解,启动后访问注册中心,发现eureka-client被注册到了注册中心中。
构建高可用的Eureka Server集群
实际项目中可能存在几十个上百个的微服务实例,这时的EUreka Server承担了非常高的负载,所以需要对其进行高可用集群。
eureka-server修改application.yml文件
spring:
profiles:
active: peer1
新增application-peer1.yml和application-peer2.yml如下
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer1
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://peer2:8762/eureka/
server:
port: 8762
eureka:
instance:
hostname: peer2
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://peer1:8761/eureka/
peer1与peer2互相注册。需要修改电脑的host,加入
127.0.0.1 peer1
127.0.0.1 peer2
启动两个实例分别指定--spring.profiles.active=peer1与--spring.profiles.active=peer2,使用idea可以添加一个Run/Debug Configurations
启动完成后访问peer1:8761与peer2:8762可以看到两者互相注册了
修改eureka-client的application.yml
server:
port: 8763
spring:
application:
name: eureka-client
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://peer1:8761/eureka/
启动eureka-client 可以发现它在两个注册中心中都有注册
实际上eureka-client只注册到了peer1中,但是由于peer1跟peer2互相同步了所以信息也同步到了peer2中了。
至此,spring cloud eureka内容结束