LeetCode-51. N-Queens [C++][Java]

LeetCode-51. N-Queenshttps://leetcode.com/problems/n-queens/

题目描述

The n-queens puzzle is the problem of placing n queens on an n x n chessboard such that no two queens attack each other.

Given an integer n, return all distinct solutions to the n-queens puzzle. You may return the answer in any order.

Each solution contains a distinct board configuration of the n-queens' placement, where 'Q' and '.' both indicate a queen and an empty space, respectively.

Example 1:

Input: n = 4
Output: [[".Q..","...Q","Q...","..Q."],["..Q.","Q...","...Q",".Q.."]]
Explanation: There exist two distinct solutions to the 4-queens puzzle as shown above

Example 2:

Input: n = 1
Output: [["Q"]]

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 9

解题思路

【C++】

遍历判别是否有效

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string> > solveNQueens(int n) {
        vector<vector<string> > res;
        vector<string> nQueens(n, string(n, '.'));
        solveNQueens(res, nQueens, 0, n);
        return res;
    }
private:
    void solveNQueens(vector<vector<string>>& res, vector<string>& nQueens, int row, int &n) {
        if (row == n) {
            res.push_back(nQueens);
            return;
        }
        for (int col = 0; col != n; ++col)
            if (isValid(nQueens, row, col, n)) {
                nQueens[row][col] = 'Q';
                solveNQueens(res, nQueens, row + 1, n);
                nQueens[row][col] = '.';
            }
    }
    bool isValid(vector<string> &nQueens, int row, int col, int &n) {
        //check if the column had a queen before.
        for(int i = 0; i != row; ++i) 
            if(nQueens[i][col] == 'Q') return false;
        //check if the 45° diagonal had a queen before.
        for(int i = row - 1, j = col - 1; i >= 0 && j >= 0; --i, --j) 
            if (nQueens[i][j] == 'Q') return false;
        //check if the 135° diagonal had a queen before.
        for (int i = row - 1, j = col + 1; i >= 0 && j < n; --i, ++j) 
            if (nQueens[i][j] == 'Q') return false;
        return true;
    }
};

保存有效状态，用空间换时间

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string>> solveNQueens(int n) {
        vector<vector<string>> res;
        if (n == 0) {return res;}
        vector<string> board(n, string(n, '.'));
        vector<bool> column(n, false), ldiag(2*n-1, false), rdiag(2*n-1, false);
        backtracking(res, board, column, ldiag, rdiag, 0, n);
        return res;
    }
    
    void backtracking(vector<vector<string>>& res, vector<string>& board,
                      vector<bool>& column, vector<bool>& ldiag, vector<bool>& rdiag,
                      int row, int n) {
        if (row == n) {
            res.push_back(board);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (column[i] || ldiag[n-1-row+i] || rdiag[row+i]) {
                continue;
            }
            board[row][i] = 'Q';
            column[i] = ldiag[n-1-row+i] = rdiag[row+i] = true;
            backtracking(res, board, column, ldiag, rdiag, row + 1, n);
            board[row][i] = '.';
            column[i] = ldiag[n-1-row+i] = rdiag[row+i] = false;
        }
    }
};

【Java】

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> solveNQueens(int n) {
        List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (n == 0) {return res;}
        char[][] board = initBoard(n);
        boolean[] column = new boolean[n];
        boolean[] ldiag = new boolean[2*n-1];
        boolean[] rdiag = new boolean[2*n-1];
        backtracking(res, board, column, ldiag, rdiag, 0, n);
        return res;
    }
    
    private char[][] initBoard(int n) {
        char[][] board = new char[n][n];
        for (char[] str: board) {Arrays.fill(str, '.');}
        return board;
    }
    
     private List<String> convert(char[][] board) {        
        List<String> sol = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++) {sb.append(board[i][j]);}
            sol.add(sb.toString());
        }
        return sol;
    }
    
    private void backtracking(List<List<String>> res, char[][] board,
                      boolean[] column, boolean[] ldiag, boolean[] rdiag,
                      int row, int n) {
        if (row == n) {
            res.add(convert(board));
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (column[i] || ldiag[n-1-row+i] || rdiag[row+i]) {
                continue;
            }
            board[row][i] = 'Q';
            column[i] = ldiag[n-1-row+i] = rdiag[row+i] = true;
            backtracking(res, board, column, ldiag, rdiag, row + 1, n);
            board[row][i] = '.';
            column[i] = ldiag[n-1-row+i] = rdiag[row+i] = false;
        }
    }
}