matlab卡农解析

找到一段神奇的matlab的D调卡农，
加了一行生成wav文件，作为半个乐手解释一下方便改编。（不足之处请指教）

另外抽空简化代码并将基础音阶化成其他调式（以简谱方式分C，C#（降B），G，F这四个常用调）最后化为函数，如C调四分音符低音dou，先声明c调，具体音乐格式为d1（4），中音1为z1（4）高音为g1（4）

首先了解一下，自然界的无论声音还是图像，在用数字化手段收集过程中都要做采样（不同采样率和分辨率），融合不同图像或音频还需要做重采样（归到一个采样率下），无论我们是在处理还是结果展示，都遵循离散的思想将其作为矩阵在计算机中处理。

我们听到的各种音频，就是以t作为数据采样的分割最小时间单位，将无数个t对应的波形函数值一个接一个的播放出来，当t极小时，基本可以模拟出真实的声音，毕竟人耳的采样率才20左右kHz。

% Cripple Pachebel's Canon on Matlab
% Have fun
fs = 44100; % sample rate采样率44100Hz，CD的标准，DVD48kHz,还有更发烧的，毕竟理论上采样率
%越高所造成的失真越小，不过音频文件也会越大，测试了一下fs = 100000后面连续16分音符更舒服些。

dt = 1/fs;%开始分割矩阵最小时间单位1/44100秒
T16 = 0.125;%16分音符0.125秒（这首乐曲默认4分音符一拍，一拍0.5秒，乐手都是看拍子而不是完全读秒）
t16 = [0:dt:T16];%将16分音符以dt为最小单位分割0到0.125秒，生成1行5513矩阵，也就是说我一个16分音
%符在计算机里要把它的声波分成5513份，每隔1/44100秒对应一个波函数的值，0.125秒就播放了5513个对应值
%听在我们耳中就是连续的一个16分音符

[temp k] = size(t16);%temp为行数1，k为列数5513
t4 = linspace(0,4*T16,4*k);%对应的0-0.5秒4分音符 1*22052矩阵
t8 = linspace(0,2*T16,2*k);%对应的0-0.25秒8分音符 1*11026矩阵

[temp i] = size(t4);%同上
[temp j] = size(t8);
% Modification functions声音函数，具体音阶对应函数
mod4 = sin(pi*t4/t4(end));%振幅，这里以正弦函数展示每个音强到弱的变化

mod4就是四分音符t秒对应的正弦函数值（如图）π分成22052份

mod8 = sin(pi*t8/t8(end));%同理11026份
mod16 = sin(pi*t16/t16(end));
f0 = 2*146.8; % reference frequency参考频率146.8为D大调3，2*146.8对应D大调4
ScaleTable = [2/3 3/4 5/6 15/16 ...
1 9/8 5/4 4/3 3/2 5/3 9/5 15/8 ...
2 9/4 5/2 8/3 3 10/3 15/4 4 ...
1/2 9/16 5/8];%D大调是一个基于D(re)音的大调，英文为D major。
%由D、E、#F、G、A、B、#C组成，调号有两个升号。

如图：低音1也就是do0f对应D3频率ScaleTable(21)*f0=146.8，
低音2也就是re0f对应E3频率ScaleTable(22)*f0= 165.15（差不多~，不知道哪个更准，不过可以忽略）~~~

% 1/4 notes
do0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(21)*f0*t4);%低音do
%实际上替换成do0f=mod4.*sin(2*pi*146.8*t4);也是一样的
%（因为包含多个0到2pi区间sin和cos效果一样）

为了区别明显，选用低音do和中音so的函数图像（也是这两个个1行22052列一阶矩阵的函数图像形式）

re0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(22)*f0*t4);
mi0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(23)*f0*t4);
fa0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t4);
so0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t4);
la0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t4);
ti0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t4);
do1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t4);
re1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t4);
mi1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t4);
fa1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t4);
so1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t4);
la1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t4);
tb1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t4);
ti1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t4);
do2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t4);
re2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t4);
mi2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t4);
fa2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t4);
so2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t4);
la2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t4);
ti2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t4);
do3f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t4);
blkf = zeros(1,i);
% 1/8 notes
fa0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t8);
so0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t8);
la0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t8);
ti0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t8);
do1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t8);
re1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t8);
mi1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t8);
fa1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t8);
so1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t8);
la1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t8);
tb1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t8);
ti1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t8);
do2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t8);
re2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t8);
mi2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t8);
fa2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t8);
so2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t8);
la2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t8);
ti2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t8);
do3e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t8);
blke = zeros(1,j);
% 1/16 notes
fa0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t16);
so0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t16);
la0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t16);
ti0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t16);
do1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t16);
re1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t16);
mi1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t16);
fa1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t16);
so1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t16);
la1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t16);
tb1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t16);
ti1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t16);
do2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t16);
re2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t16);
mi2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t16);
fa2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t16);
so2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t16);
la2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t16);
ti2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t16);
do3s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t16);
blks = zeros(1,k);
% Blank Block空音
blkblock = [blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf...
blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf blkf];
% Base Melody
cello = [do1f do1f so0f so0f la0f la0f mi0f mi0f...
fa0f fa0f do0f do0f fa0f fa0f so0f so0f];
% So-FUCKING-Long Melody 
violin = [mi2f mi2f re2f re2f do2f do2f ti1f ti1f...
la1f la1f so1f so1f la1f la1f ti1f ti1f ...%
do2f do2f ti1f ti1f la1f la1f so1f so1f...
fa1f fa1f mi1f mi1f fa1f fa1f re1f re1f ...%
do1f mi1f so1f fa1f mi1f do1f mi1f re1f...
do1f la0f do1f so1f fa1f la1f so1f fa1f...%
mi1f do1f re1f ti1f do2f mi2f so2f so1f...
la1f fa1f so1f mi1f do1f do2f blkf blke ti1e ...%
do2e ti1e do2e do1e ti0e so1e re1e mi1e...
do1e do2e ti1e la1e ti1e mi2e so2e la2e...
fa2e mi2e re2e fa2e mi2e re2e do2e ti1e...
la1e so1e fa1e mi1e re1e fa1e mi1e re1e... %%
do1e re1e mi1e fa1e so1e re1e so1e fa1e...
mi1e la1e so1e fa1e so1e fa1e mi1e re1e...
do1e la0e la1e ti1e do2e ti1e la1e so1e...
fa1e mi1e re1e la1e so1e la1e so1e fa1e...%
mi1f mi2e blke re2f re2f blkf do1f mi2f mi2f...
la2f la2f so2f so2f la2f la2f ti2f ti2f...%
do3e blke do2e blke ti1f ti1f blkf la1f do2f do2f...
do2f do2f do2f do2f do2f fa2f re2f so2f...%
so2e mi2s fa2s so2e mi2s fa2s so2s so1s la1s ti1s ...
do2s re2s mi2s fa2s mi2e do2s re2s...
mi2e mi1s fa1s so1s la1s so1s fa1s so1s mi1s fa1s so1s...
fa1e la1s so1s fa1e mi1s re1s mi1s re1s do1s re1s mi1s fa1s so1s la1s...
fa2e la1s so1s la1e ti1s do2s so1s la1s ti1s do2s re2s mi2s fa2s so2s...%
mi2e do2s re2s mi2e re2s do2s re2s ti1s do2s re2s mi2s re2s do2s ti1s...
do2e la1s ti1s do2e do1s re1s mi1s fa1s mi1s re1s mi1s do2s ti1s do2s...
la1e do2s ti1s la1e so1s fa1s so1s fa1s mi1s fa1s so1s la1s ti1s do2s...
la2e do2s ti1s do2e ti1s la1s ti1s do2s re2s do2s ti1s do1s la1s ti1s...%%
do2e blke blkf ti1e blke blkf la1e blke blkf do2e blke blkf...
do1e blke blkf do1e blke blkf do1e blke blkf do1e blke blkf...%
blkf so1e blke blkf so1e blke blkf mi1e blke blkf so1e blke...
blkf fa1e blke blkf mi1e blke blkf fa1e blke blkf re2e blke...%
mi2e mi1e fa1e mi1e re1e re2e mi2e re2e do2e mi1e do1e do2e ti1e so0e fa0e so0e...
la0e la1e so1e la1e so1e so0e fa0e so0e do1e la1e so1e la1e ti1e ti0e la0e ti0e...%
do1e do2e re2e do2e ti1e ti0e do1e ti0e la0e la1e so1e la1e ti1e ti0e mi1e re1e...
do1e do2e re2e fa2e mi2e mi1e so1e mi2e do2e fa2e mi2e fa2e re2e so1e fa1e so1e...%
mi1e so1e so1e so1e so1e so1e so1e so1e mi1e mi1e mi1e mi1e mi1e mi1e so1e so1e...
fa1e fa1e fa1e do2e do2e do2e do2e do2e do2e do2e la1e la1e so1e so1e re2e ti1e...%%
so1e mi2e mi2e mi2e re2e re2e re2e re2e do2e do2e do2e do2e so2e so2e so2e so2e...
la2e la2e la2e la2e so2e so2e so2e so2e la2e la2e la2e la2e ti2e ti1e ti1e ti1e...%
do2e do1s re1s mi1e do1e ti0e ti1s do2s re2e ti1e la1e la0s ti0s do1e la0e ti0e so1s fa1s mi1e re1e...
do1e mi1s re1s do1e fa1e mi1e do1s re1s mi1e so1e fa1e la1s so1s fa1e mi1e re1e so1s fa1s mi1e re1e...%
mi1e do2s ti1s do2e mi1e so1e so1s la1s ti1e so1e mi1e do2s re2s mi2e do2e mi2e mi2s re2s do2e ti1e...
la1e la1s so1s la1e ti1e do2e mi2s re2s do2e mi2e fa2e do2s ti1s la1e la1e so1e re1e so1e so1e...%
so1f so1f so1f so1f do1f do1f do1f so1f...
fa1f fa1f so1f so1f fa1f do1f do1f do1e ti0e...%
do1f do2f ti1f ti1f la1f la1f so1f so1f...
do1f do1e re1e mi1f mi1f do2f do2f ti1f ti1f...%%
do2f];
% cello
c1 = [cello cello cello cello cello...
cello cello cello cello cello...
cello cello cello cello cello...
cello cello cello cello cello...
cello cello cello blkf];
% violin1
v1 = [blkblock violin blkblock blkblock];
% violin2
v2 = [blkblock blkblock violin blkblock];
% violin3
v3 = [blkblock blkblock blkblock violin];

% Get dirty
s = c1+v1+v2+v3;
s = s/max(s);
sound(s,fs);
audiowrite('canon.wav',s,fs)；

嗯~ o(￣▽￣)o这里有个前辈的通用原理详解