Python 爬虫 06 UserAgent

UserAgent

• UserAgent: 用户代理， 简称 UA， 属于 headers 的一部分，服务器通过 UA 来判断访问者身份

• 常见的 UA 值，使用的时候可以直接 copy，也可以用浏览器访问的时候抓包

• Android

  1. Mozilla/5.0 (Linux;Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, )
  2. Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.4; en-gb; GT-I9300 Build/IMM76D) AppleWebKit/534 (KHTML, )
  3. Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.2; en-gb; GT-P1000 Build/FROYO) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1

• FireFox

  1. Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
  2. Mozilla/5.0 (Android; Mobile; rv:14.0) Gecko/14.0 Firefox/14.0

• Google Chrome

  1. Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36
  2. Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.0.4; Galaxy Nexus Build/IMM76B) AppleWebKit/537.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.133 Mobile Safari/535.19

• IOS

  1. Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 5_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile/9A334 Safari/7534.48.3
  2. Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU like Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/420.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/3A101a Safari/419.3

• 设置 UA 可以通过两种方式：

  1. headers
  2. add_header

案例

from urllib import request, error

def main():
  url = "http://www.baidu.com"
  try:
    # 第一种，使用 headels 方法伪装 UA
    # headers = {}
    # headers['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 5_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile/9A334 Safari/7534.48.3'
    # req = request.Request(url, headers=headers)

    # 第二种，使用 add_header 方法
    req = request.Request(url)
    req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36')
    # 正常访问
    rsp = request.urlopen(req)
    html = rsp.read().decode()
    print(html)
  except error.HTTPError as e:
    print('HTTPError: {0}'.format(e.reason))
  except error.URLError as e:
    print('URLError: {0}'.format(e.reason))
  except Exception as e:
    print(e)

  print("do.......")

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()