werkzeug使用reloader可以在文件被改变时自动加载更改过的文件,使用方法也很简单,run_simple('localhost', 4000, application,use_reloader=True)
,ues_reloader=True即可。本文试图去品读一下reloader的实现以及一些小细节。
原理
先概述下整个reloader的原理,看起来会舒服一些。
非reloader的启动很简单,会调用make_server
方法,然后调用serve_forever()
去循环获取新的请求。
而reloader的机制,会起一个子进程,子进程有两个线程,一个线程会去跑server,一个线程去监控文件是否变动,如果文件发生变动,子进程会退出,并返回返回码3(自定义的返回码,标识因为文件变化而退出)。父进程检测子进程的退出码,并加以判断,如果是3,则重复上面的步骤,去再启动一次子进程,当然,此时加载的文件都会是新的文件了。
代码角度
接下来从代码的角度出发,看下整个流程。
入口
def inner():
try:
fd = int(os.environ['WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD'])
except (LookupError, ValueError):
fd = None
srv = make_server(hostname, port, application, threaded,
processes, request_handler,
passthrough_errors, ssl_context,
fd=fd)
if fd is None:
log_startup(srv.socket)
srv.serve_forever()
if use_reloader:
# If we're not running already in the subprocess that is the
# reloader we want to open up a socket early to make sure the
# port is actually available.
if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true':
if port == 0 and not can_open_by_fd:
raise ValueError('Cannot bind to a random port with enabled '
'reloader if the Python interpreter does '
'not support socket opening by fd.')
# Create and destroy a socket so that any exceptions are
# raised before we spawn a separate Python interpreter and
# lose this ability.
address_family = select_ip_version(hostname, port)
s = socket.socket(address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s.bind(get_sockaddr(hostname, port, address_family))
if hasattr(s, 'set_inheritable'):
s.set_inheritable(True)
# If we can open the socket by file descriptor, then we can just
# reuse this one and our socket will survive the restarts.
if can_open_by_fd:
os.environ['WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD'] = str(s.fileno())
s.listen(LISTEN_QUEUE)
log_startup(s)
else:
s.close()
# Do not use relative imports, otherwise "python -m werkzeug.serving"
# breaks.
from werkzeug._reloader import run_w