shell中while内改变外部变量和 ＜ ＜＜ ＜＜＜

代码

• 问题代码

使用管道会创建子shell。

lines="first line\nsecond line\nthird line" 
foo=0
echo -e $lines | while read line
do
    echo line: $line
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2 # 此处foo已被赋于2
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done
echo "foo=$foo" #输出结果foo=0

• "here-strings"方式修复代码

here-strings语法: command <<< "WORD"

foo=0
lines="first line\nsecond line\nthird line" 
while read line
do
    echo line $line
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2 # 此处foo已被赋于2
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done <<< "$(echo -e "$lines")" # $(echo -e "$lines") 也可
echo "foo=$foo" #输出结果foo=2

• "process substitution"方式修复代码

process substitution语法: command1 < <(command2)

注意：< <内有空格，第二个<后不能有空格

foo=0
lines="first line\nsecond line\nthird line" 
while read line
do
    echo line $line
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2 # 此处foo已被赋于2
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done < <(echo -e "$lines")
echo "foo=$foo" #输出结果foo=2

• "here-document"构造字符串代码

foo=0
lines=$(
cat << EOF
first line\nsecond line
third line
EOF
)

echo lines:$lines

while read line
do
    echo line $line
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2 # 2被赋值给foo
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done <<<$(echo -e "$lines")
echo "foo=$foo" # 输出foo=2

• "here-document"输出到文件代码

foo=0

cat << EOF > lines.txt
first line
second line
third line\nfourth line
EOF

cat lines.txt

while read line
do
    echo line $line
    if [[ "$line" == "second line" ]]
    then
        foo=2 # 2被赋值给foo
        echo "Variable \$foo updated to $foo inside if inside while loop"
    fi
    echo "Value of \$foo in while loop body: $foo"
done < lines.txt
echo "foo=$foo" # 输出foo=2

lines.txt文件的内容如下

first line
second line
third line\nfourth line