java中发送http请求

HTTP请求粗分为两种，一种是GET请求，一种是POST请求。使用Java发送这两种请求的Source Code大同小异，只是一些参数设置的不同。步骤如下：

1. 通过统一资源定位器（java.net.URL）获取连接器（java.net.URLConnection）
2. 设置请求的参数
3. 发送请求
4. 以输入流的形式获取返回内容
5. 关闭输入流

简单的Get请求示例如下：

1. package com.nicchagil.httprequestdemo;
   
   import java.io.BufferedReader;
   import java.io.InputStream;
   import java.io.InputStreamReader;
   import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
   import java.net.URL;
   import java.net.URLConnection;
   
   public class HttpGetRequest {
   
       /**
        *利用get发送http请求
        * Main
        * @param args
        * @throws Exception 
        */
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           System.out.println(doGet());
       }
       
       /**
        * Get Request
        * @return
        * @throws Exception
        */
       public static String doGet() throws Exception {
           URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/OneHttpServer/");
           URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
           HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
           
           httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
           httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
           
           InputStream inputStream = null;
           InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
           BufferedReader reader = null;
           StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
           String tempLine = null;
           
           if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
               throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
           }
           
           try {
               inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
               inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
               reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
               
               while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                   resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
               }
               
           } finally {
               
               if (reader != null) {
                   reader.close();
               }
               
               if (inputStreamReader != null) {
                   inputStreamReader.close();
               }
               
               if (inputStream != null) {
                   inputStream.close();
               }
               
           }
           
           return resultBuffer.toString();
       }
       
   }
   

   简单的Post请求示例如下：

2. package com.nicchagil.httprequestdemo;
   
   import java.io.BufferedReader;
   import java.io.InputStream;
   import java.io.InputStreamReader;
   import java.io.OutputStream;
   import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
   import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
   import java.net.URL;
   import java.net.URLConnection;
   
   public class HttpPostRequest {
   
       /**
        * Main
        * @param args
        * @throws Exception 
        */
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           System.out.println(doPost());
       }
       
       /**
        * Post Request
        * @return
        * @throws Exception
        */
       public static String doPost() throws Exception {
           String parameterData = "username=nickhuang&blog=http://www.cnblogs.com/nick-huang/";
           
           URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/OneHttpServer/");
           URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
           HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
           
           httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
           httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
           httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
           httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
           httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(parameterData.length()));
           
           OutputStream outputStream = null;
           OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
           InputStream inputStream = null;
           InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
           BufferedReader reader = null;
           StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
           String tempLine = null;
           
           try {
               outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
               outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
               
               outputStreamWriter.write(parameterData.toString());
               outputStreamWriter.flush();
               
               if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
                   throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
               }
               
               inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
               inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
               reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
               
               while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                   resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
               }
               
           } finally {
               
               if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
                   outputStreamWriter.close();
               }
               
               if (outputStream != null) {
                   outputStream.close();
               }
               
               if (reader != null) {
                   reader.close();
               }
               
               if (inputStreamReader != null) {
                   inputStreamReader.close();
               }
               
               if (inputStream != null) {
                   inputStream.close();
               }
               
           }
   
           return resultBuffer.toString();
       }
   
   }

   如何通过Java发送HTTP请求，通俗点讲，如何通过Java（模拟浏览器）发送HTTP请求。

   Java有原生的API可用于发送HTTP请求，即java.net.URL、java.net.URLConnection，这些API很好用、很常用，但不够简便；

   所以，也流行有许多Java HTTP请求的framework，如，Apache的HttpClient。